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Socioeconomic Classes In The Philippines

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Socioeconomic classes have been in existence as far as we can remember. In prehistoric times, hunters and gatherers band together to hunt for food, bringing along their families with them. As societies develop, there came a need for different people to be assigned different functions in society. Some became potters, while others became laborers, merchants, and farmers, among others. Differences in one’s function in society became wider and more diverse as societies develop. Socioeconomic classes in the pre-colonial and colonial period In the Philippines, differences in social classes are more flexible compared to those existing in other countries. Prior to the coming of the Spaniards, our ancestors were divided into three different groups: the maginoo, the maharlika or timawa, and the alipin. The maginoo group is considered as the highest level in society, composed of leaders (datu) and their families. Some groups also call their leaders raja or gat. The maharlika (Tagalog) or timawa (Visayan), on the other hand, is composed of all freemen living in the barangay. By freemen, we mean workers, soldiers, and other people who are not under debt bondage. The members of this group have their own private property, which may include their own houses and pieces of land. The alipin is considered as the lowest group in pre-colonial Philippine society. They are those people who are required to serve another person or family as payment of debt. Some people also become alipin if their

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