Sodium Benzoate And Hydrochloric Acid
Abstract: This experiment demonstrated the effect of acidity to promote protonation in a chemical reaction. Sodium benzoate and hydrochloric acid was mixed to evaluate if the chemical reaction moved to the right or left. Due to a change in pH, the protonation of sodium benzoate produced an appropriate amount of benzoic acid as a product. To retrieve it, a vacuum filtration and recrystallization process was completed. The melting point range of the final product was precise and accurate to the literature measurement of benzoic acid, indicating its purity. The final product had a percent yield of 74%. ______________________________________________________________________________ Introduction: The pH of a substance decides what will happen …show more content…
The use of water as a solvent gave a high yield because of its high solubility in high temperature and low solubility in low temperature. This explains the process of boiling and placing in an ice bath during recrystallization. Figure 3. Physical information pertaining to sodium benzoate. Chemical compounds Exact weight (grams) pH (with solution) Physical observations sodium benzoate 2.15 1.3 White powder; clumps up easily Once the crude product had dried completely, the melting point was taken. Sodium benzoate and benzoic acid had extremely different melting points so it was simple to determine what the final product was (Figure 4). The final product had corrected melting point ranges that accurately matched benzoic acid (Figure 5). The corrected melting point equation used was: y = 0.995x – 0.304 Attempts Corrected Final product melting point (ºC) Final product melting point (ºC) 1 122.7-123.7 …show more content…
10 mL of deionized water was added and stirred until fully dissolved. 5.0 mL of 3.0 M of hydrochloric acid was slowly pipetted into the mixture and stirred. The pH was checked to be less than two. The solution was placed into an ice bath to decrease the temperature to 10°C. A vacuum filtration apparatus was built with an Erlenmeyer flask with a vacuum arm and connected to a vacuum source and secured for safety using a ring hoop. The cooled mixture was funneled through, and the solids remained on the top. After being washed by iced water, the crude material was observed and stored for later
Unknown Weak Acid Lab Report
1111 Words | 5 PagesA 0.2057 M stock solution of NaOH was added to the plastic syringe while the acidic solution was being made. 1.329 g of unknown acid P was weighed on the electronic scale and recorded. The unknown solid acid was placed into a 100 mL volumetric flask and filled to the line with a 0.1 M stock solution of KCl. The solution was agitated to aid in the dissolving of the solid acid solution. When the acid was completely dissolved 25 mL of distilled water was added to a clean 100 mL beaker, along with 25.00 mL of acidic solution using a volumetric pipette.
Percentage Yield Lab Report
768 Words | 4 Pages1) Percentage yield experiment: First we measured 20cm3 of sulphuric acid into a beaker using a measuring cylinder, this will help us determine the percentage yield at the end of the experiment. We then heated the beaker containing the sulphuric acid using a Bunsen burner in order to heat it up for the copper oxide to mix with. We then weighed out 1.02g of copper oxide and added it to the acid and stirred it whilst doing so, we did that until the liquid turned blue, this proves that the chemicals have mixed together. We then weighed this liquid which will help us determine the percentage yield. We then filtered the liquid off which gave us the amount we obtained.
Palmitic Acid Lab Report
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Lab Report Determining Unknowns Through Distillation
767 Words | 4 PagesSpecific to the experiment, the distillation technique will be used to separate the two miscible liquids, conclude their identities based on the boiling points
Kylanase Enzyme Lab Report
1186 Words | 5 PagesThe sample was transferred to a 250 ml conical flask kept in water bath for alkali treatment. 75 ml of 17.5% caustic soda was measured using a measuring cylinder at 20°C. 15 ml of 17.5% NaOH was added and fibres were macerated gently with a flattened glass rod for 1 minute. 10 ml more NaOH was added and the solution was mixed for 45 seconds. 10 ml NaOH was again added and mixed for 15 seconds to make lump free slurry.
Lab Report: Fractional Distillation And Gas Chromatography
1784 Words | 8 PagesThe purpose of this experiment was to identify two unknowns and their ratios in a given mixture. The identities of the unknowns were two of either acetone, methanol, hexane, cyclohexane, heptane, toluene, or ethyl benzene. Distillation Distillation is used to remove impurities from a mixture – one component of which must be a liquid. Boiling points are utilized in determining the identity of the unknowns. Types of distillation include
Mass And Mole Relationships In A Chemical Reaction
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O-Vanillin Lab Report
840 Words | 4 PagesAs seen in table 1, the theoretical yield was .712 g of C_17 H_19 NO_3. The % yield of this experiment was 7.51 % of C_17 H_19 NO_3. . This low yield can be explained from a poor recrystallization technique combined with potential contamination. Throughout the experiment, the mixture changed color from green, orange, to yellowish lime, and eventually clear.
Unknown White Compound Lab Report
1367 Words | 6 PagesAbstract: The purpose of this experiment was to identify given Unknown White Compound by conducting various test and learning how to use lab techniques. Tests that are used during this experiment were a flame test, ion test, pH test, and conductivity test. The results drawn from these tests confirmed the identity of the Unknown White Compound to be sodium acetate (NaC2H3O2) because there were no presence of ions and sodium has a strong persistent orange color. The compound then will be synthesized with the compounds Na2CO3 and HC2H3O2 to find percent yield.
Reasearch Experiment Lab Report
804 Words | 4 PagesFifteen milliliters was transferred to a clean tube marked H, for whole homogenate, and kept on ice at all times. The remaining fifteen milliliters of homogenate was transferred to a clean centrifuge tube and placed in a beaker of crushed ice. A balance was prepared by putting fifteen milliliters of distilled water into a new centrifuge tube and both tubes were then placed into the refrigerated centrifuge. It was then centrifuged at 5000 rpm for twenty minutes. When the centrifuge stops, the tube containing the homogenate was retrieved and held at the same angle.
P-Dichlorimetry Lab Report
215 Words | 1 PagesExperiment Description: To begin the experiment, 2.0718g of a benzoic acid and p-dichlorobenzene mixture and 30 ml of methylene chloride was placed in a separatory funnel. The funnel was shook to dissolve the contents. After shaking, the funnel was inverted and the stopcock was opened to release the pressure. The stopcock was closed, the funnel was shook, and the pressure was released again. This was repeated until no more gas was released.
Hippuric Acid Synthesis Lab Report
1942 Words | 8 PagesIntroduction: This preparation illustatrates the benzoylation of amino acid by Schotten Baumann reaction, the hippuric acid is precipitated upon acidifying the reaction mixture. Reaction: Procedure: Dissolve 2.5g of glycine in 25 ml of 10 % NaOH contained in a conical flask. Add 5.4g (4.5 ml) of benzoyl chloride in two proportions to the solutions. Stopper the flask and shake vigorously after each addition until all the chlorine has reacted.
Recrystallizing Benzoic Acid Lab Report
1019 Words | 5 PagesPurpose/Introduction The process of recrystallization is an important method of purifying a solid organic substance using a hot solution as a solvent. This method will allow the separation of impurities. We will analyze Benzoic Acid as it is dissolved and recrystallized in water and in a solvent of Methanol and water. Reaction/Summary
Benzoic Acid Lab Report
767 Words | 4 PagesAbstract The unknown concentration of benzoic acid used when titrated with standardized 0.1031M NaOH and the solubility was calculated at two different temperatures (20◦C and 30◦C). With the aid of the Van’t Hoff equation, the enthalpy of solution of benzoic acid at those temperatures was determined as 10.82 KJ. This compares well with the value of 10.27KJ found in the literature.
Stock Solution Lab
352 Words | 2 PagesThe objective of this experiment was to learn to prepare stock solutions and determine specific gravity and density of sodium chloride of known concentrations. This lab required us to prepare a stock solution and use that stock solution for three dilutions. Each dilution had a different molarity because of the end volume. The first diluted solution had a concentration of 0.3107 M and a density of 1.0081 g/mL. Out of all the dilutions this was the lowest concentrations because it had to most water added to the stock solution. The second diluted solution had a concentration of 0.6213 M and a density of 1.0215 g/mL. The final diluted solutions had a concentration of 1.5536 M and a density of 1.0579 g/mL. This solution had the highest density and
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