Soft Computing Research Paper

Chapter I – Introduction

Soft computing is not a single area of research or study whereas it is widely accepted and grouped with a number of computational and research area including

• Neural Networks

• Fuzzy system

• Evolutionary computing like Genetic Algorithms

• Swarm Intelligence

• Bayesian Network

• Chaos theory

Soft computing has become one of the key research and programming area in the field of Computer science from late 1990s when scientists and researchers shows more interests on computational approaches are complex in nature to derive from a known algorithm of solution. For example, in the field of Biology, medicine and human management sciences there are numerous problems where we need Soft computing to design an inexact solution

Important areas of the diencephalon are the thalamus, the hypothalamus, and the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. The hypothalamus is critical for regulating hormonal signals and basic bodily functions - concerning, for example, water balance, body temperature and reproductive hormones - as well as for responding to changes in these functions. The hypothalamus also secretes hormones that travel to the nearby posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. The thalamus functions as a relay station for sensory and motor information to and from the cortex to other areas of the brain and

Different areas of the cortex are specialized for different functions. The motor association cortex, for example, is involved in coordinating movements of the body, and the primary motor cortex is involved in executing this function.

Similarly, there is a primary sensory cortex that receives information from each of these sense organs. Information from the primary sensory areas goes to sensory association areas of the cortex, which are involved in perception and memory connected with the sense organs. Here information from several sense organs can be combined to form complex perceptions. The cortex is involved in many aspects of substance dependence, from the primary effects of psychoactive drugs on sensations and perceptions, to the complex behaviours and thoughts involved in drug craving and uncontrolled substance use.

Neuro-imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET) have shown changes in areas of the cortex following both short-term and long-term substance use. Beneath the cortex are several other important structures. The basal ganglia are structures involved in voluntary motor behaviour and consist of the caudate, putamen. globus pallidus and