Concentrator solar power concentrates light energy from the sun on a smaller surface to boil a liquid. The steam then spins turbines to generate electricity. This is might be cheaper than using photovoltaics because you don’t need to store the energy for overnight. The thermal storage allows for electricity to be generated for up to 24 hours. There are many types of technologies to do this, for example parabolic trough, compact linear Fresnel reflectors, Stirling solar dish and solar power tower.
The concept is to create a shape where the wave encounters more material as it travels and reflected. Therefore a pyramid or a wedge shape is the most suitable shape for an absorber. Figure 1: Reflectivity of signal in absorber 2.4 Carbon in
The peak at 1816 cm−1could is assigned to carbonyl stretching vibrations of carboxylic acids. The band found at 1679 cm−1could be assigned to characteristic asymmetrical stretch of carboxylate group. The symmetrical stretch of carboxylate group can be attributed to the bands present at 1491 and 1354 cm−1. The peaks at 1105 and 789 cm−1were due to the C–O stretching vibrations of polyols, ether and alcoholic
1 OVERVIEW OF SOLAR COLLECTOR : Solar energy collectors are special kind of heat exchangers that transform solar radiation energy to internal energy of the transport medium. The major component of any solar system is the solar collector. This is a device which absorbs the incoming solar radiation, converts it into heat, and transfers this heat to a fluid (usually air, water, or oil) flowing through the collector. The solar energy thus collected is carried from the circulating fluid either directly to the hot water or space conditioning equipment or to a thermal energy storage tank from which can be drawn for use at night and/or cloudy days. There are basically two types of solar collectors: nonconcentrating or stationary and concentrating.
Parabolic trough Collector A parabolic trough is a type of solar thermal collector that is straight in one dimension and curved as a parabola in the other two, lined with a polished metal mirror. The energy of sunlight which enters the mirror parallel to its plane of symmetry is focused along the focal line, where a receiver tube of same length as of parabolic trough is placed in which contains a thermic fluid ( for example water, oil etc the selection of which depends on the heat required at output.) is absorbs the rays which are reflected by parabolic shape mirror surface when trough is aimed towards sun such that the Sun is in its plane of symmetry. Fig A typical Parabolic Trough Collector To understands how parabolic trough works first we have to under what is the meaning of concentrated solar power and what are the different technologies comes under this. Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) - Concentrated solar power systems use mirrors or lenses to concentrate a large area of sunlight, or solar thermal energy, onto a small area.
Fenestration and its variable components (a) Size, position and orientation of windows affect sun penetration i.e. solar heat gain, but also affect ventilation, especially where cross ventilation is desirable. (b) Glass: single, double, multiple and glass quality: special glasses (heat absorbing or heat reflecting glasses) may be used to improve an otherwise bad situation, by reducing the solar heat gain. (c) Closing mechanism: fixed glass, louvers, opening sashes, type of sashes used (Fig.1) (d) Internal blinds and curtains can slightly reduce the solar heat gain, by reducing the beam (direct) radiation, but they become heated and will re-emit that heat, thus causing convective gains. (e) External shading devices are the most positive way of controlling solar heat gain.
It is also known as birefringent (the refractive indexes seen by horizontally and vertically polarised light are different). Slowing one of the linear components of the beam, oriented plate will convert linearly polarised light into circularly polarised light. A beam (left- or right-CPL) will produced [1]. The basis of circular dichroism is the difference in the absorbance of left- and right-CPL. A molecule that absorbs LCP and RCP differently is considered as optically active or chiral molecule.
Physics and Engineering 2 Labs Laboratory Report Lab 10: Basic Optics Aleksei Kim Aibat Zhakeyev Alisher Urazbekov Experiment 1: Reflection Abstract: Procedure: The light source is placed on a blank sheet of paper and turned the wheel to select a single ray. In front of the ray we place the mirror on the paper. We need to see the incident and reflected rays, that is why we place the plane surface of the mirror in the path of the incident ray at an appropriate angle. On the paper, trace and label the surface of the plane mirror and the incident and reflected rays. Indicate the incoming and the outgoing rays with arrows in the appropriate directions.
A broad band at 3510 - 3490 cm-1 may be attributed to O-H stretching of alcohol group. The maximum absorption for O-H stretching depends upon concentration, nature of the solvent and temperature. In case, an alcohol is branched heavily in the α-position, the absorption band corresponds to the free O-H group. In intermolecular hydrogen bonded molecules, absorption shifts are concentration dependent. The O-H stretching absorption band appears at 3570 - 3450 cm-1.
\subsection{Light collection and scintillator mounting} \label{sec:Light collection and scintillator mounting} The charged particle that passes through the scintillator produces excitations and ionizations track throughout its path. This leads to the emission of photons isotropically in the scintillator. Ideally, the largest possible fraction of the produced light has to be collected and analyzed. But in practical cases, two effects arise that lead to less than perfect light collection: optical self-absorption within the scintillator and losses at the scintillator surfaces. In the case of small size scintillators, self-absorption is usually not a significant loss mechanism.