Solar Distillation Research Paper

Abstract— Water is the basic need for sustaining life on the earth. This communicating article reviews desalination by solar still and the recent studies on Performance of solar still systems. With the passage of time due to rapid industrialization and civilization, their waste disposal along with ignorance of human being caused water pollution, which led the world towards water scarcity. Solar Distillation is one of the best Techniques to resolve this problem from available another techniques. But, due to its lower efficiency it cannot be commercial in the market. Some Modifications can be done to improve the solar still Performances. With the help of past research work we can conclude that if we are using multi layer absorber type solar still

A solar still duplicates the way as rain water i.e. evaporation and condensation. Saline water is filled in the black painted basin of the solar still. Over the years, many researches have been carried out to find out ways into improving the efficiency of the process. Solar distillation uses, in common with all distillation processes, the evaporation and condensation modes, but unlike other processes energy consumption is not a recurrent cost but is incorporated in the capital cost of the solar collector. Saline water is filled in the black painted basin of the solar still. This is enclosed in a completely air tight surface. A sloping transparent cover is provided at the top. Then solar radiations are allowed to fall on it. Solar radiation is transmitted through the cover and is absorbed in the black lining. The distillator is designed so that an efficient amount of solar radiations gets trapped inside it. The solar still therefore, is of a simple design, construction and maintenance with ease of operation. It is best suitable for regions of the world with high solar intensities. The mechanism of operation is based on the transmitting, absorption and reflective properties of glass and other transparent materials. The glass has the property of transmitting incident short-wave solar radiation which passes through the glass, the glass being a medium of transfer of heat. Sun’s rays penetrate a glass surface causing

al. [1] an attempt is made to model a conventional solar distillation system and comparing the experimental results with simulated model. Solar distillation is an old process, but cost wise and for domestic purpose it is most reliable one. Evaporation and Condensation is the simultaneous process occurring in solar distillation. The property of the distilled water is measured. It is evident that, the distilled water produced by solar still is quite resembles the commercial distillation water. Experimental work was compared with simulation study. Temperature distribution over the glass is verified with Computational Fluid Dynamic approach using Ansys. The computational result is validating with the experiment