Solar Energy System Literature Review

REVIEW ON PRESENT SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEM DESIGNS

Naresh Kumar Moluguri, Ch.Rama Murthy and V. Harshavardhan

Abstract: This report concentrates on the past, present and the future directions of the solar cell technology. To know the situation of solar energy and build a solar farm in

India. The advantages and disadvantages of the single-crystal, polycrystalline and amorphous technologies are explored. The dye sensitized solar cell technologies are highlighted as the emerging, low cost alternatives for power generation. Their basic operating principles and the governing elements of the solar device performance are discussed. The stability of the DSSC module is highlighted and their outlook towards

commercialization

This isknown as Photovoltaic effect.Below figure shows the working mechanism of asilicon solar cell.Figure 2: Silicon Solar Cell and its workingmechanism (Source: global.kyocera.com)The amount of current generated by a PV celldepends on its efficiency, its size (surface area)and the intensity of sunlight striking the surface.For example, under peak sunlight conditions atypical commercial PV cell with a surface area ofabout 25 square inches will produce about 2watts peak power.The Sun is the fundamental driving force forenergy in the Earth's climate system. It is ofcrucial importance to understand fully theconditions of its arrival at the top of theatmosphere and its transformation through theearth. The amount of solar power available perunit area is known as irradiance. Irradiance is aradiometric term for the power ofelectromagnetic radiation at a surface, per unitarea. It is used when the electromagneticradiation is incident on the surface. Irradiancefluctuates according to the weather and thesun?s location in

The manufacturing,reliability, performance, and stability of aDSSC module are more complex comparedwith the test cell situation due to the largersize. Moreover, interconnected cells in aDSSC module may interact through, forexample, mismatched performance of thecells or unwanted mass transport ofelectrolyte between adjacent cells.A DSSC module is defined as a device that,in relation to a test cell, is significantlyincreased in size in both the x- and y-direction and carries specific solutions todecrease the energy losses caused by theelectron transport in the device. The DSSCmodules are made on different types ofsubstrates. For the monolithic structurewhere only one substrate is required, a TCOglass is conventionally used. For thesandwich construction, different substratecombinations are used, such as two piecesof TCO glass, one TCO glass and one metalfoil, two TCO-coated polymer sheets, andone TCO-polymer sheet and one metal foil.The stability of a DSSC module is stronglyrelated to the device encapsulation. Foroutdoor applications, the sealing materialmust, for example, be mechanically andthermally stable, stable under UV exposure,and