ABSTRACT: In the present world which is continuously looking towards advancement in technology power is very precious. So it is necessary to find out the causes of power pollution and methods must be adopted to minimize the same. Industries mainly have inductive and nonlinear loads. Thus the overall power factor of industries are very low due to the increased intake of reactive power by the inductive loads Embedded technology comes into picture for the very first time when we are thinking about any programmable device for power factor improvement.. So we need to find out the causes of power loss and improve the power system. Due to industrialization the use of inductive load increases and hence power system losses its …show more content…
LITERATURE SURVEY:
The paper entitled “A high performance single phase rectifier with input power factor correction ,” the authors P. N. Enjeti and R Martinez have proposed the approach has many advantages, including fewer semiconductor components, simplified control, and high-performance features, and satisfies IEC 555 harmonic current standards. Simulation and experimental results obtained on a laboratory prototype are discussed.
The paper entitled “An Overview of Power Factor Improvement Techniques in Domestic and Industrial Loads”, the author’s Silpa Thomas, Anjali Shalimar, Unnikrishnan L. have proposed the a suitable circuit for Automatic power factor correction can be developed and the same technique can be applied to the industries, power systems and households such that stability of the system can be increased. . It is economical to use microcontroller for the development of the
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The input AC voltage is given to a current transformer and a voltage transformer. This part of the system is referred as comparator section. Voltage transformer step down the input voltage and current transformer is used to extract the waveforms of current. The output of the voltage transformer is proportional to the voltage across the load and output of current transformer is proportional to the current through the load. The output of both voltage transformer and current transformer is given to a comparator which acts like a zero crossing detector. Comparators are constructed using LM358 op-amp. The output of the comparator changes during the zero crossing of voltage and current waveform. These outputs are given to the PIC which does the further power factor
7 and Fig. 8, the impacts SSSC and its POD would be displayed through the reducing the oscillation of power flow for both active and reactive power. The POD of SSSC checks the Vqref and injects voltage to reduce the variation in power
For this experiment we utilized varying forms of Ohm’s law (V=IR), rules for resistors in series (Rtotal=R1+R2+…) and parallels (1/Rt=1/R1+1/R2+⋯), and Kirchhoff’s Junction Rule (ΣIi=0). For these models we assumed that the DMM’s produced accurate readings
Existing basic unit is shown in fig.2.1. As shown in fig.2.1, the basic unit consist of three dc voltage sources and five unidirectional power switches. In this structure, power switches (S_2,S_4),(S_1,S_3, S_4, S_5), and (S_1,S_2,S_3, S_5) should not be simultaneously turned on in order to protect the dc voltage sources from the short circuit. Table 2.1 shows the existing basic unit power switches turn on and off states, where the basic unit is able to generate three different voltage levels at the output that is 0, V_1+V_3, and V_1+V_2+V_3. It is important to note that the basic unit is only able to generate positive levels at the output.
Explain why the circuits works? It converts AC voltage to DC voltage. Current flows through the diode in one direction, showing only the positive half-wave on the oscilloscope. The negative half-wave is suppressed, while the positive half-wave appears across the load.
In this control system, sub-stations are work separately and all are connect to each other through grid system. If any sub-system's control system is shuts so in that case that sub-system area will effected. In addition, no need to shut whole system. In addition, if the fault is big so in that case that area power supply will start through another sub-station via grid system. Figure: decentralized system architecture
Unit 1 & 2: Acceleration When Lightning Mcqueen was on his way to visit Smokey, He saw the sign to Thomasville which had a picture of Doc on it when he was a racer because they passed by it at first, Mcqueen asked his truck driver to back up. This relates to acceleration because, in order to change directions, the truck driver had to come to an abrupt stop which increased the acceleration. Because the amount of time that it took to cease the speed was halved, the acceleration doubled. Unit 3: Newton’s 3 Laws While Lighting Mcqueen and his trainer Cruz were at the Thunder Hollow track, which was in the shape of figure 8, there were several cars in motion. However due to the law of Inertia, which states an object in motion stays in motion unless
Centrica Plcis a British company, listed in the London stock exchange as a FTSE 100. The company is based with their operations in the UK, ROL and the North America keeping its vision as to be the leading energy company with its customers as the core. The company is very active at each stage of the energy chain from sourcing of energy to the saving the energy. The company sets its aim to meet the customer’s energy needs and deliver the long term value to the shareholders. Centrica’s main operations are in the UK and North America.
“ You have to be able to accept failure to get better.” This quote means you have to accept failure to be a better person. This quote applies to the story “Electric Boogaloo” because his older self says don’t get caught up in your failures, laugh and be able to tell the embarrassments to friends and family. The author of “ Electric Boogaloo” shows how to push through obstacles in life, how to never give up on what you love, and to accept your embarrassments, and overcome the feelings of the memories. Pushing through your obstacles is a detail from the story, which really spoke to me.
The first method is fixed shunt resistor (FR), is shown in Fig. 2-a. The second method is controlled shunting resistor or switched shunt resistor (SR), is shown in Fig. 2-b. The two methods can be used for the low power applications with drawing current smaller than 10mA/Ah as recommended in [4r] to limit the energy dissipated into the shunt resistors.
Binary state assignment must be made to ensure that the circuit will be free of critical races. Assigning 0 to state a and 1 to state b in the reduced flow table, we obtain the transition table given below, which is, in fact, a map for the excitation variable Q+. The logic diagram of the gated latch is also shown below.
II. Problems of the Case Study 1. Considering company’s budget is very limited, installation of the new technology might affect the financial position in the next year operation. 2.
Porter’s five forces is a framework that provides analysts with knowledge of the external factors regarding their company and the development of business strategy. These shows people how attractive a company is in a certain industry. I have chosen to develop the porter’s five forces strategy regarding Cisco and the information received. I will evaluate the competiveness, threat of substation, buyer power, supplier power and the threat of new entry.
1. What we know about profit pools is that: ‘Profits don’t necessarily follow revenues’ and that ‘Today’s deep revenue pool may become tomorrow’s dry hole’. In this article we are focusing on Apple and the way how it managed to recognize the variability of profit, and along with it, could find out the best way of realizing it. Apple has three main businesses as top priority: Macintosh, iPod-iTunes and iPhone. These are the pioneers of superior improvement in PC, music and smartphone industries.
US auto industry is full of auto manufacturing companies, BMW Group, Chrysler/Dodge/Jeep, Ford Motors, General Motors, Honda/Acura, Hyundai/Kia, Mazda, Nissan, Subaru are the main competitors in US Auto market. For 2012 as a whole, automakers sold approximately 14.5 million vehicles in the U.S. Market, a 13 percent increase from 2011 and the highest annual sales total since 2007 marking the third consecutive year of annual sales increases of at least 10 percent. As fuel prices remain high and there is greater concern for the environment, more energy efficient cars are increasing in demand.
3.2 Industry conditions (Porter 's Five Forces Analysis) Five forces which would impact an organization 's behavior in the market. Understanding the nature of these forces provides organizations the required insights to enable them to formulate the appropriate strategies to be successful in their market (Thurlby, 1998). 3.2.1 Threat of new entrants (high entry barriers) High capital investment for competitor entry into telecommunication industry. Companies in this industry maintain development, spend fairly large amount of capital on network equipment and incurred high fixed costs. Besides, technologies are also considered as barriers for new companies to enter the market.