Advances In Space Exploration

Space exploration is the discovery and exploration of cosmic structures in the outer space by the constant growing and developing of space technology. It was discovered, developed and known by astronomers with the use of telescopes. Whilst the physical exploration was led by manned spaceflight or by unmanned robotic explorations and investigations. Physical space exploration became a reality when they developed large and efficient rockets in the early 20th century. However, there are several reasons that initiated space exploration. For instance, space explorations were done to evolve scientific research, get different nations to unit and to ensure future humanity survival. In addition, emerging military and strategic advantages

For example, the development of satellites and spacecraft began or was born by the impulse of two engineers who were organizers and decision-makers at the same time in 1942. These two intelligent engineers were Wernher Von Braun (1912-1977) and Sergei Korolev (1906-1966). At that time rockets turned from an unbelievable idea to a serious study by engineers and scientists [5]. According to [6] a vital role is played by the Advances in software engineering in space exploration by providing tools, techniques and a systematic approach to develop and service the many different kinds of software needed for deep-space discovery. In addition to software engineering, [7] says that electrical engineering is essential in space exploration because all spacecraft systems are controlled and activated directly by electrical energy. However, the challenge that electrical engineers face is making electrical systems operate for prolonged periods of time in the hostile environment of space without maintenance for about 15 or 18 years so they have a serious and a very important job in satellites and other spacecraft. Also, [8] declares that chemical engineering has a crucial role in making space exploration safe and successful. High-performance and special materials that can bear the harshness and inflexibility of space traveling had to be developed. The use of ever-more-advanced

More than a few plans for it were announced in the 2000s which both government entities and the private sector have objectives in it. For example, china declared that by 2020 they will have a 60-ton multi-module space station in orbit [1]. Furthermore,[11] says that because of the importance of moon missions to the exploration of further planets, The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has an exciting new vision of humans returning to the moon and preparing for visits to mars and possibly beyond in 2020. The moon can also be a forward base for future operations on which humans reload their essential supplies by producing them from the moon’s local material. In addition, NASA gave a re-prioritized list of aims for the American space program and also they funded the first priorities. So NASA suggests to improve the development of the Space Launch System (SLS) that will carry the Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle to Earth’s orbit and other further destinations [1]. The Orion crew exploration vehicle is a capsule that has the same design of the original Apollo missions but with modern technology updated systems and it is seen as a future space exploration design that is safer and more reliable than the familiar design of space shuttles [11]. In addition, the SLS will also carry important cargo, equipment and other science experiments.