Space Weather Study Essay
Our magnificent star, the Sun is the source of the life on our planet and all the events and changes on the Sun will affect the Earth. Here comes the importance of space weather studies, which concerns the study of the Sun and all its phenomena. The study of space climate includes both long-term average behavior and variations in the long-term averages, while space weather is concerning the short-term variation in the solar activity.
One of the most important phenomena in the solar activity is the solar flares. The solar flare is one of the most stunning phenomena, involving the production of broadband electromagnetic radiation from the radio band down to X-ray and Gamma-ray wavelengths, and the acceleration of charged particles to very high
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It's the Sun's influence on the Earth's magnetosphere through the solar wind that causes geomagnetic activity, after all.
Also, since the Sun is a gaseous body, there are no fixed points of reference on the Sun. Moreover, different parts of the Sun rotate at different rates. The rotation rate depends not only on latitude, but also on how deeply the magnetic field lines of a given feature are anchored in the photosphere. Thus, for example, active regions follow different differential rotation laws than smaller-scale magnetic features at the same latitudes (Thompson, 2006).
Many previous studies tried to investigate the location behavior of the solar flares. Papagiannis (1972) studied the solar flare events accompanied by type IV radio burst during the period 1956-1969 and he found that most of the solar flare events are located between latitude range 10°-20° and Gnevyshev (1967) who studied solar flares during 19 and 20 solar cycles. Pendey et al. (2015) had studied statistically x-ray solar flares and their classes (C, M and X classes) during 1976-2008, they found that the solar flares are accumulating in latitude belts or populations in the northern and southern hemispheres, they found that the mightiest is the 11°-20° latitude belt. Pendey et al. (2015) calculated the mean latitude of the solar flares during solar cycle 23 to be
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