1. Introduction: A signal is the most amazing phenomenon created by this nature which helps each and every not only humans but also every living thing on this earth to covey some information by means of gesture, action or sound. Considering the perspective of engineering, the signal can be either analog or a digital signal. And the processing can be done on these signals which are known as analog signal processing and digital signal processing. “An analog or analogue signal is any continuous signal for which the time varying feature (variable) of the signal is a representation of some other time varying quantity, i.e., analogous to another time varying signal.”[1] The speech signal is the best example of an analog signal as the signal varies …show more content…
Theory:
3.1 Classification of a speaker recognition system: Speaker recognition system can be classified into two types. This classification is made on the basis of the number of speakers whose voices has to be recognized. 1. Open set system: In the open set speaker recognition system, the number of speakers are more and will always be greater than 1.It can be noted that, speakers whose voices are going to be recognized are not registered at the system. 2. Closed Set system: A closed set of speaker recognition system will consists of only the specified or fixed number of speakers. And all these speakers has to be registered with the system. 3.1 Description: All general speaker recognition systems consist of two phases. “The first one is known as the training phase while the second one is called as testing phase.” [3] In the training phase, each registered speaker has to provide samples of their speech so that the system can build a database of samples for that speaker. It consists of two main parts. In the first part each person’s input voice sample is processed to sum up the characteristics of their vocal tracts. The second part involves collecting each person's data together into a single, easily manipulated matrix. The testing system has the exact system architecture as the training system. “First the input signal is analyzed also processed and then it is compared to the data stored in the codebook.”[3] The automatic speaker recognition
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Speaker identification is the process of determining which registered speaker provides a given utterance. Each block of the speaker recognition system can be described as below;
• Input Speech: Input speech is the signal given by the speaker to the above system. Normally the human speech is the pure analogue signal, thus in order to process the signal further the analogue signal has to be converted to the digital signals. This conversion can be done by using the techniques such as sampling and quantization which is known as digital signal processing. But for the above system, the input speech signal is already given in the digital form which can be done by recording the voices of the speaker.
• Feature Extraction: Feature extraction refers to the analyzing of the speech signal which is provided as an input to the above system. The purpose of this feature extraction is the conversion of speech waveform to some type of parametric representation. Feature extraction coverts the incoming speech signal into a represented form such that it is possible to reconstruct the original signal from it. There are various techniques to extract features like MFCC, PLP, RAST, LPCC which can be briefly stated as
5.2 GABOR-KPCA Results: Using Mahalanobis Cosine (MAHCOS) Distance Identification experiments: The rank one recognition rate of the experiments equals (in %): 80.00% Verification/authentication experiments on the evaluation data: The equal error rate on the evaluation set equals (in %): 4.17% The minimal half total error rate on the evaluation set equals (in %): 2.68%
Describe GSM radio interface in terms of physical and logical channels. 4. Work out the sequence of signal transactions for a variety of communications scenarios such as mobile station switch-on, incoming/outgoing voice call, SMS and handover 5. Explain how a GSM/PCS/GPRS mobile set gets and remains synchronized to a base station 6. Explain why and how a mobile station conserve power 7.
1) Read all the input images and load the images into the database. I =imread(name of the image) imshow(I) set the position of image set(gcf,"position",[1,1,500,500]) Only the position and directions of these features are stored. 2) Enhancement of the features The enhancement of the image depends upon the quality of the input image to ensure the identification and verification system.
3. Testing the system (6 – 18 weeks). 4. Training the users (2 – 3 weeks). 5.
William Jennings Bryan delivered this speech on July 9th, 1896. It was known as the “Cross of Gold” speech. He wanted to use silver for the national currency and not just gold. On March 4th ,1895 a few Democrats addressed the ongoing question of “should silver be used as the national currency?” If so, then the people who believed it should needed to form organizations and take charge to make silver the national currency.
Pearson's purpose is to emphasize that the Voice is the solution to the problem of recognition and that it
Good morning/ afternoon ladies and gentlemen I would firstly like to begin by saying that I am very pleased to be here and I would like to thank unity grammar college for having me here today as a guest speaker. My name is Kira, and I was present on the day of the Redfern speech. It was on December the 10th 1992 that Australian Prime Minister Paul Keating had given a speech on the aboriginal reconciliation addressing issues faced by indigenous Australians. Paul Keating was one of the first Australian prime ministers to address and acknowledge the fact that the Europeans were solely responsible for the complications faced by the aboriginal communities.
Comparing Speeches Many civil rights leaders have spoken out about their controversial views of how to address injustices. For instance, during the Civil Right Movement, Kathie Amatniek and Harvey Milk both spoke to voice that their societies that are directing injustices towards gays and women. Using pathos and metaphors, Amatniek wants America to rid of traditional views of gender. Meanwhile, Harvey Milk uses using pathos, diction and humor to connect with his mainly homophobic audience to abolish the negative stereotypes of gays.
The Republicans have won and Abraham Lincoln is now the new president. The great debate continues regarding the hot topic of secession. The state of Georgia appears to be the site where this issue of secession is currently being debated by Alexander Stephens and Robert Toombs. The issue is whether the confederate states of South Carolina, Alabama, Florida, Georgia,Louisiana, Mississippi and Texas have the right to secede from the union or not. The country is divided between the North (the Union) and the South(Confederate States).
The various ideologies of love mentioned by speakers in Plato’s Symposium portrayed the social and cultural aspect of ancient Greece. In the text, there were series of speeches given by Phaedrus, Pausanias, Eryximachus, Aristophanes, Socrates, and Agathon about the idea of love, specifically the effect and nature of Eros. Within the speakers, Agathon’s speech was exceptional in that his speech shifted the focus of the audience from effect of Eros on people, to the nature and gifts from the Eros. Despite Agathon’s exceptional remarks about Eros, Socrates challenged Agathon’s characterization of Eros through utilization of Socratic Method.
While the Accent 1000, contains all types of voices and the client would not have to pay extra for his voice. The NOVA chat 10 has many different types of software but the software would not work well for Cruz. Most of the software that NOVA chat 10 has available the client needs to be literate or that it is more suited for an emerging language client. LAMP words for life contains software that teaches the client motor plans in order to communicate his
2.4 Band Division and Energy Computation: The power spectrum of the signal is multiplied by magnitude response of set of 33 triangular band pass filters and in the range 300Hz-2000Hz. Sub-bands are formed by using the logarithmic spacing. The positions of these filters are equally spaced along the Mel frequency, which is related to the common linear frequency f by following formula: Mel (f) = 1125* ln (1+f/700) (3) Mel frequency is proportional to the logarithm of linear frequency and which is close to the human perceptual system. 2.5 Sub Fingerprint Generation:
With the constant threat of nuclear war overshadowing everyday life, the construction of the Berlin Wall in 1961 not only divided Germany, but manifested as a physical division between “the free world” and “the Communist world”, as termed by President John F. Kennedy. Two years later, he delivered his famous “Ich bin ein Berliner” speech at the Brandenburg Gate. Through heavy emotional appeal and an encouraging tone, Kennedy not only offers American solidarity to West Berlin, but instills confidence in the crusade for democracy across the globe. Speaking to an audience of Germans, the American president’s first priority is building sympathy with his foreign audience. This is best seen through his diction as he begins by directly addressing
The authentication of Biometrics (i.e. the real authentication) which is used for identification and controlling the access which can be applied in the computer science. It is can be used in groups to identify the individuals under the surveillance. Biometric identifiers are used to labels the characteristics which can be measurable, the distinctive, and to describe the individuals. Biometric identifiers are being often categorized as behavioral versus physiological characteristics. Physiological are related to define the characteristics and the structure of the body.
INTRODUCTION Now a day’s a facial recognition system is a computer application and it is used for automatically identifying or verifying a person . This is done by comparing selected facial features from the image and a facial database. Face Recognition System focuses on contactless man and machine interface. The human face plays an important role in our interaction and people’s identity.