Title of the Thesis
An Exploratory study of the factors responsible for students' reluctance in speaking English Language
INTRODUCTION
English is common mode of communication among all countries as it has become an International language and is widely used in differnt countries of the world. Language is essential for proper communication in daily life as it is important not only in Pakistan but all over the world. English is spoken by more than three hundred forty million people all over the world as first language. English has become a matter of controversy in the present system of education in Pakistan. English is the language of reserch and teaching at every level, according to the new Education policy of 2009, English will be used as
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Considering the usefulness and importance of English Language it has been given the stutus of Compulsory subject and also the medium of teaching and intruction in Science and Technical Education in Pakistan (Sarwar, 2002). Nowadays English is very important for students because, if they are unable to speak English fluently and competently they cannot dream for a brilliant future and can never achieve their goals of life, besides they cannot get well-suited or appropriate jobs anywhere. It is great predicament or dilemma that students feel reluctance in Speaking English Language but it is also factual that university teachers or instructors also put emphasis on speaking English but the point at issue is our curriculum is not supporting this accompalishment at all that's why students feel great difficulties in speaking English Language at post graduate level (sharma, …show more content…
Highlight the factors which are causes of their diffidence in speaking English.
METHODOLOGY
Richard and Schmidt (2010) give a description of research methodology and describe it as it comprises of procedure and methods which are essential tools for investigation or any sort of research; it also comprises of methods used in a research for the interpretation or collection of data.
A sample is defined as set of individuals that is selected to represent a population (ibid, p.506). The present research aims to highlight the opinion of students about the problems or hurdles which blocks their way in speaking English as ESL.
Richard and Schmidt (2010) define population as any set of items which includes individuals or group of individuals that share some general characteristics or traits, from which a sample can be taken. Population of the present research consisted of students from Govt Sadiq College Women University, Bahawalpur. Female students are included in this population. For this purpose questionnaire has been used which consists of 30 items. This study was delimited to investigate the attitude of Intermediate and Graduation students towards the factors affecting their way in speaking or adopting English as second
As a former English Language Learner (ELL) student, I remember my ESOL teacher using direct instructions when I first came to the U.S. through middle school and high school. The teacher used modeling freely and placing me in groups with other students that were fluent in both languages that helped with tutoring when I had a difficult time understanding the teacher. Through this process of learning I began to communicate and slowly learned the English language. As a paraprofessional at Hillsborough High School, I use similar direct instructional strategies for my ELL students because it helps me plan in advance what lesson the teacher is going to teach and it allows me to clearly present the lesson in both the English and Spanish language.
Whatever the perspective, teachers can embrace different cultures in which children bring to the classroom their languages. Emmitt and colleagues articulate that children’s first language has differences in cultural context that can make meaning and reality. Thus, providing significant, authentic opportunities and a variety of goals into a diverse classroom can emulate real life literacy experiences. 2.1 Spoken English language variations Standard Australian English (SAE) is the variation of English amongst others recognized as the Australian official language, Fellowes and Oakley (2010). Subsequently, it is important that children develop competency in SAE.
Heading One: Artifacts This program gave me various opportunities to put into practice my professional understandings on what it is to teach students who are learning English as a second language. The program allowed me to grow as an educator through the implementation of the various program outcomes since thoughtful planning and articulation of such planning was done by our artifacts. The focus was on six program outcomes and each artifact was aligned to one of the outcome. Program Outcome One: Two assignments completed in the course Linguistics for TESOL fulfilled this program outcome.
Research Overview: Observation: The people that chew gum on a regular basis are more organized in their daily lives. Question: If people were to chew gum on a regular basis, would they be more organized? Hypothesis: If people were to chew gum every day, then they be more organized in their daily lives.
Anale is inspired to learn English. In spite of the fact that, Los Angeles is her place of conception, Spanish is the principle dialect talked in her family unit and group. Anale has constantly gone to class, be that as it may; she doesn't have an artistic establishment in her first dialect. Her grandparents are exceptionally strong and empowering. They trust that the English dialect is of a higher status and urge her to learn it.
While I was growing up my parents wanted us to speak Spanish at the house or when we were around them; this taught me to be bilingual. Being bilingual is an amazing opportunity because you can connect with more than one culture. For my family it was allowing us to keep the culture we have from Mexico alive. Culture is dear to our hearts and we want to remember where we come from and never forget. Speaking another language is fun at some points because we go to the grocery store and the cashier would start having conversations with us in Spanish.
Joseena Learning Area Outcomes / Achievement Grade Effort English Language Literacy Literacy C D C C Consistently Joseena is at the expected achievement level for Year 4, in almost all areas of English. She has improved her reading fluency and understanding skills through specific strategies; allowing her to develop her comprehension ability. She attempts to sounds out unknown words and phrases, often looking them up in the dictionary to expand her vocabulary. Joseena consistently uses compound and complex sentences, with appropriate grammar and punctuation in most writing.
In this research, teacher wants to improve students’ speaking skill in asking and giving opinion. Teacher gives students examples about how to ask and give opinion in English. This step can improve students’ grammar and pronunciation. b. Exploring Data.
Methodology serves to explain the explicit and implicit assumptions adopted by the researcher during the entire research process. Methodology serves as the foundation upon which the entire research is built. The chosen research methodology then identifies, to a large extent, the research methods for data collection and data analysis (Creswell, 2003; Denzin and Lincoln, 2000). 3.4 Action Research Action research has been selected as an Inductive, qualitative methodology that is capable of exploring both facts and the meanings attributed to a social situation by the actors. Action research has been understood by board researchers in a diversity of habits but there are four topics in the literature.
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION This chapter provides a brief description of the whole content of the research, including background, statement of the problems, aims of the study, scope of the study, significance of the study, hypothesis and organization of paper. 1.1 Background Reading is one of the most important skills which has to be learned by the students in order to master English well. Most students are not natural born readers. In fact, reading is not a naturally occurring skill at all, but rather a complex process that requires a careful and systematic instructional approach according to the research gathered by the National Reading Panel (2002).
Evaluating methodology is to help with making use of the appropriate methods and tools that will help with the research question. The methodologies used should help with determining the aims and objectives I would like to put across. While I was doing my research, working on a research question what helped me is the conversations I have with people in my close circle. Those questions helped me derive my question which was linked to BRICs as I am fascinated by the course of BRICs and I think it’s an interesting time for us as the youth to be alive.
The term Research Methodology refers to a set of procedures, methods & techniques that are put together by the researchers to obtain a solution to the problems they confront during the collection of data. The researchers look for the most crucial data which is inevitable for the research. Generally there are three kinds of approaches or research methods namely Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed. These methods are used to gather data and resolve issues that emerge during the process of data gathering. The researcher can bring forward his findings either in the form of quantitative or qualitative or mixed research methodologies only when the data is collected based on the preliminary data gathering process and the secondary data gathering process.
From the moment a child arrives to this world is exposed to an endless of signals and stimulations that the brain begins to assimilate. Lights, colors and sounds which will be a part of the new born life until his death. One of the first stimuli received by the baby is the voice from the parents. These voices are translated into sounds by the phonological system, some months later into meanings then complete words and eventually, some years later, into sentences. These four steps could summarize the acquisition of the language which even not being taught it is one of the longest and most laborious processes for the child.
In the English learning literature, the development of a positive attitude towards learning could be attributed to Integrativeness, or the genuine desire to learn a new language so that one can communicate with the members of the community who use the language as their medium of communication (Dörnyei, 1998). However, as the world has become more borderless as exemplified by the EU and the ASEAN, other attitudinal factors were conceptually included. The additions were attributed to the changing of concept from ‘English is a second language to learn’ to ‘English as an international language’(Dörnyei & Ushioda, 2009). This resulted to the addition of other attitudinal factors that include Direct contact with English speakers (attitude towards actually meeting English speakers and travelling to their countries) ; Cultural interest (appreciation of cultural products from English speaking countries conveyed by the media); Miliu (the general perception of the importance of English in the learners’ friends and family) (Dörnyei & Ushioda, 2009). From the aforementioned attitudinal factors, the following hypotheses were
for living. This shows that English language not just a set of corpus, but more to the usage and the needs in real communication among the language users. Many of English language researches have investigated the content within ELC. For instance, IELTS Official Test Centre is a strong reference in evaluating and promoting English language by running English schools in Asian countries such as China, Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia, Japan and so on, since 1988.