Good afternoon Dear Basma , I would like to tell you about the urinary system briefly and what are the diseases related to it, I hope you enjoy it and you read my message
The urinary system is an important device. It stores, configures and removes urine from the body. The importance of the urinary system lies in its regulation of the level of blood pressure in the body, the level of water lost during urination, its ability to improve the concentration of potassium and sodium ions in the body and the maintenance of pH In the blood, in addition to its ability to get rid of toxins and excess waste in the body, put it out
Components of the urinary system:
A-The body contains two renals located in the north and right behind the abdomen, the length of each renal about 12 cm, and the width of about 6 cm, and perhaps the most important is that the left renal is higher than the right renal, and is
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C-Urocyst: A bladder is a bowl through which the urine coming from the renals is collected.
4-Urethra: The urethra is an external member of the man who helps to remove the urine.
Urinary Disorder:
Urological disorders may be anatomical disorders of the path of urine or physiological disorders of the formation of urine or secretion and multiple diseases of the urinary system, but one of the most prominent disorders facing the urinary system is urinary diuresis and is meant to frequent urination and can be called polyuria. Their causes may be 1- excessive water consumption that has caused
Hypervolemia , then diuresis
2-deficiecies in tubular reabsorption of water
3-Diabets mellitus. Treatment of diuresis:
1-Fluids to compensate for the shortfall caused by repeated urination.
2- Treatment of the factor causing urinary incontinence.
And also disorders of the urinary
Because of the shorter length of the urethra, women are more susceptible to UTIs. Most infections are mild without complications (Huether, 2012, p. 747). UTIs are either in the lower or upper urinary tract. The lower tract consists of the bladder, whereas the upper tract is the ureter, renal pelvis, and interstitium. Acute cystitis is bladder inflammation and is the usual site of UTIs.
During my clinical preceptorship at New York Presbyterian Hospital, many patients that came into the hospital with urinary retention a catheter was inserted to determine the amount of urine in their bladder or post-void residual (PVR). Many patients later developed pain and a urinary tract infection or Community Acquired Infection secondary to frequent cauterization. Therefore, the gap identified was related to a knowledge deficit of the current practice that inserting a
Indwelling catheters are also used in assisting the healing of open sacral or perineal wounds in incontinent patients with a stage III or IV pressure ulcer on the coccyx or sacrum. Prolonged immobilization
Ileostomy Surgery Ileostomy surgery redirects part of the small intestine (ileum) to an external opening (stoma) in the abdomen. This means that waste is passed through the stoma, instead of passing through the rest of the intestines and the rectum (bowel). The stoma may have a valve and a tube (catheter) to pass waste, and there may be an external pouch (ostomy pouch) attached to the stoma to collect waste. This procedure may be necessary when the bowel is diseased or partially removed. It can be temporary or permanent, and there are several types of ileostomy surgery.
There is an increased incidence of nocturnal enuresis in children whose parents also had this condition. Both parents, 77%; one parent, 44%; neither parent 15%.-1 2- In monozygotic twins the concordance rate is 68 %; the rate for dizygotic twins is 36 %. The exact gene and what that gene encodes remain unclear.-3 B- MATURATIONAL DELAY:
Catheters are partially flexible tubes that collect urine from the bladder and leads into a drainage bag. They are often recommended by doctors if the patient is unable to control when they urinate, if they are leaking urine or if they’re unable to empty their bladder when they need to. These things can be caused by kidney stones, surgeries on various parts of the body, spinal cord injury and other conditions. (Cafasso J, 2015) Catheter-related urinary tract infection (UTI) occurs because urethral catheters inject organisms into the bladder and promote colonisation by providing a surface for bacterial adhesion and causing mucous related irritation (Brusch JL, 2015).
Patient is advised to wear a front button shirt because it is easier to remove and replace. - Offer a bedpan or place patient on the toilet every one to one and half hour during days and once every three hours or as needed to keep a patient comfortable and also as bladder training. Nursing evaluation - Patient was able to maintain her hygiene and improved comfort and self-care ability. - The self-care needed and dependent is decreasing since the patient can perform well with minimal assistance. Conclusion
Urinary incontinence, the loss of bladder control, can also be called enuresis is a problem with many different age groups. This is caused by sympathetic dysfunction. Sympathetic dysfunction affects many systems of the body such as the the cardiovascular, reproductive, and even urinary. Enuresis is a medical term used more towards children meaning involuntary urination, referred to bedwetting most of the time (Silverthorn, 2013). The International Continence Society defines incontinence as “a condition in which involuntary loss of urine is a social or hygienic problem and is objectively demonstrated (Viktrup, 1993).
The muscular system is very important for everyday life. Without it we wouldn't be able to carry out everyday tasks such as writing this paper or tying our shoes or anything. This system also helps us distribute wastes when our body doesn’t need them anymore, which is important because if the wastes build up the toxins will enter your system the wrong way and it will harm you eventuly. This system interacts with the many other systems but the main two are the nervous system and the digestive system. The nervous system is what controls the brain and the brain tells us to move certain parts of our bodies without us knowing it, this is how our involuntary muscles move.
In terms of the pathogenesis, the causes are various and must be implicated in one or several primary diseases, such as high blood pressure, diabetes, heart problem, infections, lupus, purpura, etc. Some of them will influence patient’s kidney function severely and result in kidney failure eventually, which is known as chronic kidney disease (CKD). Others can lead patients to have acute kidney injury (AKI) and cause severe reactions within a short time. During the treatment for renal parenchymal disease, to control the primary diseases is something necessary, but not
Abbreviations are used in the medical field in order to save time and space when writing in medical records and diagnosing patients. The medical field is highly dependent on time and abbreviations allow doctors and medical workers to work more efficiently. In addition, these medical abbreviations are used universally which is helpful to prevent any confusion or misunderstandings if a patient is transferred to a different health facility. There are a various amount of abbreviations that pertain to the urinary system. For instance, IC refers to interstitial cystitis.
The kidneys are bean-shaped organs located one on each side of the spine in the middle of the back, above your waist. They play important roles in cleaning your blood of waste and excess fluids, maintaining chemical balance in the blood, and helping to regulate your blood pressure. Kidney disease may result in fluid and waste product accumulation in the body, which may lead to kidney failure. This can cause symptoms like body swelling, shortness of breath, weakness and poor sleep. Kidney problems must be treated immediately to prevent loss of function, which may be a serious, life-threatening condition.
Understanding Renal Failures in Dogs and How to Deal with It Just like in humans, dogs’ kidneys perform the vital function of cleansing the body of harmful toxins. Any problems with the kidneys can lead to renal failures in dogs, which remains to be a serious and often fatal illness despite the various treatment advancements recently developed. With around 60% of dogs and cats dying or getting humanely euthanized because of kidney failure, it is highly important that pet owners are aware of this health problem so that preventive measures can be taken or early supportive care can be provided when symptoms manifest. How Crucial Is a Dog’s Kidney?
The endocrine system is such an important system to the body because it functions the bodies use of hormones. The body uses many different hormones and the endocrine system regulates these. When the glands of the endocrine system secrete the hormones, the hormones are put into the bloodstream to be sent to the different parts of the body. The glands that comprise the endocrine system are the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the pineal gland which are all located in the brain, the thyroid, parathyroid, and thymus which are located in the throat, the adrenals and pancreas which are located in the body’s midsection, and the ovaries (female) and testes (male) which are located in the pelvic region. The system is so important because it regulates the body’s metabolism, growth and sexual development, digestion, heart rate, and many of the other body functions regulated by hormones.
Its treatment has long been discussed and several different therapeutic options have been proposed. In the last decades, the understanding of its pathophysiology has led to a progressive reduction of invasive and potentially invalidating treatments in favor of conservative treatment based on anal sphincter muscle relaxation. Nonresponding patients should undergo lateral internal sphincterotomy. The risk of incontinence after this procedure seems to have been overemphasized in the past. Only a carefully selected group of patients, without anal hypertonia, could benefit from