Speech Filter Analysis
In a speech coding system, initially the input speech signal which is analog in nature is digitized using a sampler, filter and analog to digital converter (A/D) circuits. The filter used is an anti-aliasing filter which is a low pass filter used before a sampler to remove all signal frequencies that are above the nyquist frequency. The filtering is done to avoid the problem of aliasing. If the speech signal sampling frequency is less than twice the bandwidth of a sampled speech signal the problem of aliasing occurs. The best solution to aliasing is to make the sampling frequency greater by 2.5 times the bandwidth of the analog speech signal. According to nyquist theorem the sampling frequency must be at least double the bandwidth of the continuous-time …show more content…
Most speech coding systems were implemented to provide telecommunication applications, by limiting the frequency contents between 300 and 3400 Hz. To convert the analog speech signal to digital shape, to maintain the perceptual quality and to make the digital speech signal indistinguishable from the input it is necessary to sample the speech signal with more than 8 bits per sample. The block schematic of a speech coding system is shown in Fig 1.1. Throughout the thesis the parameters considered for the digital speech signal are sampling frequency of 8 KHz and 8 bits per sample. Hence the input speech signal taken will have a bit-rate equal to 64 …show more content…
Later the speech signal is fed to a digital to analog (D/A) converter to convert the speech signal from digital to analog shape. Finally, the analog speech signal is fed to an anti-aliasing filter to avoid aliasing during the reconstruction of continuous speech signal from the speech parameters, which again needs perfect stop-band rejection to guarantee zero aliasing [57-9].
2.2. The human vocal system
Speech can be explained as waves of air pressure produced by airflow pressed out of the lungs and going out through the nasal cavities and mouth. The air passes through the vocal folds (chords) via the path from the lungs through the vocal tract, vibrating them at different frequencies (Figures 2.2,
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