In the journey of faith so many holy men and women have tried to discover various ways and means to connect themselves with the Lord overcoming the existing spiritual obstacles. Among them, St. Ignatius of Loyola based on his own experience, found practical language to explain the contrasting movements that operate within one’s heart. He also developed certain tools to recognize these inner movements and respond to them effectively. He outlines all these tools and rules in his famous Spiritual Exercises.
1.1. Conversion
It is good to begin with the convalescent experience of Ignatius because it is the best introduction to the discernment of Spirits. Ignatius was born, the last of his father’s many children in 1491 at the castle of Loyola in Spain. After receiving the chivalric and academic education, at the age of thirteen, he was sent by his father to the household of the chief treasurer of King Ferdinand of Aragon. He remained there for a number of years. Later he entered the military service under Duke of Najera and Viceroy of Navarre. In 1521, when French troops entered Spain and advanced on Pamplona, Ignatius was there to defend it. However in
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These rules have become a locus on discernment. These help the retreatants in finding out the movements of the spirits in order that they grow in their commitment to Jesus Christ. There are always two persons in this process; the person making the retreat and the person guiding the retreat and God is present to both of them. In the discerning process, “The director helps the retreatant to discern the mysteries of the interior life in a practical way that is meant to lead to practical decisions and practical service of Christ.” Based on the rules the director interprets the experience of the retreatant in the light of the
Drawing Jesus’ obedience to His Father, Ignatius invites the Christians to follow their Bishops as they represent the presence of God. They are the focus of affection in the church. The Bishops are too identified as the overseers of all the
Two main themes –struggle of maintaining faith in god, the “silence” are well developed in this section of the
Many humans struggle with the misconception that being tempted and having doubts about their faith are unacceptable. Moreover, when Kenneth is tempted to look at explicit images in a magazine, “he closed the magazine and raised his eyes to the ceiling, then closed them and said three Hail Mary’s” (Dubus 278). By putting the magazine down and deciding to pray, he conveys to the reader that it is not wrong to have doubts or face temptation . Kenneth’s devotion to his religion results in him having the instinctual reaction to pray in the face of temptation.
As Screwtape advises his nephew, "When they meant to pray for courage, let them really be trying to feel brave. When they say they are praying for forgiveness, let them try to feel forgiven. Teach them to estimate the value of each prayer by its success in producing the desired feeling, and never let them suspect how much success or failure of that kind depends on whether they are well or ill, fresh or tired, at the moment" (Lewis, 16). The emotional rush that occurs when drawing near to the Holy Spirit is a feeling almost every Christian has experienced. New believers tend to use this feeling as their sole motivation for prayer, study, and worship.
Bosch’s "Triptych of The Temptation of St. Anthony" and Boccaccio 's "Tenth Day: Tenth Story" both show the portrayal of human emotion in response to suffering. Both of these works of art use emotional realism. Emotional realism is a term used to describe the work of artists and writers who attempt to depict human emotion in a truthful, or realistic, manner. Boccaccio 's was born in Italy and was drawn to the arts.
A. Religious and spiritual misinterpretation occur frequently throughout the Jesuit documents. These misunderstandings are justified throughout these historical documents and provide a clear Native belief system to the subjective recordings of the Jesuits who detailed these connections. These documents accompanied the encroachment of New France in Northeast America, published annually in France beginning of 1632 and actively read by interested Europeans. The documents not only reflect on environment and cultural practices of Native Americans, yet also the subjective observations and biases of the missionaries who detailed their first interactions. Certain passages of history are more interesting than those which record the efforts of
Vanhoozer, Kevin, Charles Ansderson, Michael Sleasman, eds. Ordinary Theology: How to Perused Cultural Texts and Interpret Trends. Terrific Rapids, Mich.: Baker Academic, 2007. Ordinary Theology offers the conversation starter, "How would we decipher society?" Seminary understudies and ministers work to see how to peruse Biblical writings.
Christianity was born on the base of Christ’s blood and it grows on the base of the martyr’s blood. There are countless martyrs throughout the centuries and the persecution gets more and more severe. In The Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents, Christophe Regnaut describes how the French Jesuit Fathers came to “New France” (Canada), and many became martyrs, and contributed to the growth of Christianity in Canada. Fathers who lived among the Hurons, Jean de Breboeuf, Gabriel L’Alemant, Charles Garnier, and Noel Chabanel, were evangelizing Native Americans. Regnaut describes the Hurons natives and the Fathers were captured by Iroquois natives when the war broke out in1649 (p. 255).
The thesis of this article is that there are five broken views of discipleship such as, we equate discipleship with religious knowledge, we try to program discipleship, we equate discipleship with our preaching, we think that we will grow without
Hart is a contemporary version of Dr. Horton’s very formal style. However, Hart combines the tradition of Pentecostalism with the reality of Charismatic experiences. Harts uses a dimensional concept to explain his insight. First he refers to the Paschal Dimension, Purifying Dimension, and the Pentecostal Dimension. Instead of trying to completely segregate Lucan passages to empowering references of the Holy Spirit and Pauline passages to soteriological or indwelling references, Hart blends to two together by taking both sides of the initiation – subsequence controversy.
Followers, who had once felt unfulfilled and disheartened during sermons, suddenly felt and experienced the spiritual connection to God that they had each been longing for after attending preachings from these two men. The Great Awakening brought about religious freedom and free will (Smith, 2011) that would grant all
Helena Maria Viramonte’s, Under the Feet of Jesus explores many aspects of rural life in the late 1960’s. The novel captures the conflicts between cultures, society, wants, and love. Viramonte’s navigates throughout the life of a family that is dependent on rural work that only receives two dollars a day for all of their hard work in the fields, while under the blistering sun. The protagonist Estrella, a girl close to crossing into womanhood. Her life has been depended on rural work, and she has learned what life is from her mother.
Since religious experiences are inevitably connected with the given locations and thus cultures, they naturally impose the existence of the social relations redefined from the perspective of worship. Therefore, by invoking to the religion, the participants correlate the symbol to the macrocosm it actually represents (Greenwood, 48). This serves as a fundamental reason for using a religious symbol by an individual experiencing personal challenges. The change of perspective allows for creating its total opposite. Therefore, by “[converting] patient into priest,” victim is transformed into a powerful religious entity (Obeyesekere, 393).
“The deep truth is that our human suffering need not be an obstacle to the joy and peace we so desire, but can become, instead, the means to it. The great secret of the spiritual life, the life of the Beloved Sons and daughters of God, is that everything we live, be it gladness or sadness, joy or pain, health or illness, can all be part of the journey toward the full realization of our humanity” Henri
These experiences are concerned with three topics. 1) “Similarly between religious experiences and how do they support the existence of God? 2) What philosophical problems are there that these experiences can give us knowledge about God? 3) Is there alternative explanation for experience?” William James described religious experiences as the heart of every religion.