INTRODUCTION
Negotiation is defined as the process by which two or more conflicting parties decide to discuss their differences within a contracted structure to find a suitable resolution to their demands. Negotiation have different forms so it can be a direct negotiation or with the involvement of third-party facilitation. We are narrowing our debate on focusing the role of spoiler as a third party involvement in a negotiation process by following certain limits as we are directed to do so. This research focuses on the roles that spoilers play during a dialogue. Considering the relevant literature has shown a high correlation between the participation of third parties and peace talks’ success rates, one evident explanation for the high
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Another factor could be linked to the presence of third parties when they contribute in peace process processes. Some of the most frequent causes of crisis in the negotiations are the parties’ lack of confidence in the assisting third party. This research addresses the functions that third parties can perform in a peace process. This research aim to discover significant theories, review the most significant features of peace negotiations and talks the roles and behaviour of spoilers in negotiation to meet their interests. This research extensively based on the literature which consists of three article related to the presence of spoiler in peace process. .I use the following three articles to evaluate the role of spoiler in peace process and debate will Include different strategies to overcome their presence and make the peace process successful. I use the following …show more content…
Stedman
The Role Played by ‘spoilers’ in Peace Processes by DANIEL GRAY
This study will scan the role of the actors who energetically pursue to hamper, delay, or weaken conflict settlement’ [ii] due to many reasons and by a different methods. This essay talks Stephen Stedman’s term ‘spoiler’ to classifying such actors.[1]
This paper critically analyised of Stedman work; mainly by Marie-Joëlle Zahar and Feargal Cochrane.they use a similar model of investigating spoiler behaviour as Stedman, but by implementing independent and new contemporary thinking. I will observe more thoroughly the characters that spoilers have and the consequences they have over a number of peace accords.this analysis aim to classify apprehensions over simplification in outdated discussions on spoilers and the disputed negotiation used to quantify confrontations to peace.
Location of the Spoiler
The location of the spoiler is also equally significant in this discussion. The author of the article quote that Stedman recognizes the locations of spoilers describing in two ways, inside and outside. Inside spoilers are the actors who are involved in the peace negotiations pretend their enthusiasm to find a peaceable solution but later fail to fulfil significant responsibilities to agreement.[vii] While outside spoilers are those actors who are excluded from the
Although anti-war elements often argue that war could be avoided if only the prospective protagonist would sit down and talk things over, it is important to understand how a sit down works to be successful. Communication between two conflicting parties is a tough process whether it is between two people, two businesses or two or more countries. There is no way to know for sure if sitting down and talking things over could have prevented the war of 1812, it may have helped, but it would have just delayed the inevitable. A disagreement that leads to conflict is no different whether it is between two people or two countries. The only difference is the scale of the people affected.
Le Femme Negrita: The Black Concrete Ceiling What is power? Power as a noun is the capacity or ability to direct or influence the behavior of others or the course of events (Power). Likewise, power as a noun is also a person or organization that is strong or influential within a particular context (Power). Black women have always been a huge force of nature and very powerful entity, even throughout the times of slavery.
War is defined as “[a] state of usually open and declared armed hostile conflict” (“War”). War existed throughout the history of mankind, and left its footprints deep within our society. Even though, we do not know what war truly is. We may assume that war is a complex matter that derives us to think and analyze its true meanings and values. It raises the question of ‘What causes war?’
On September 11, 2001, numerous individuals entered the United States of America and hijacked four airlines in order to carry out suicide attacks against various targets located in the nations most prestigious cities: Manhattan, New York and Washington, D.C. (Kean, H. Thomas et al., 2004). Two of the four hijacked flights were intentionally flown into the North and South Towers of the World Trade Center in the heart of the Manhattan’s Financial District; the third flight was headed towards Washington, D.C while the fourth one crashed in Pennsylvania (Kean, H. Thomas et al., 2004). The attacks that occurred on September 11, 2001 are often referred to as “9/11” which resulted in triggering a major initiative in the United States of American to combat terrorism (Thomas A. Gilly., 2009).
Many view the Western Powers as innocent in this conflict, however this article states otherwise. It is valuable because one person/country’s opinion should not count more than another’s. • Limitations – This source is opinionated, one-sided and biased against the Western Powers as it is written from the perspective of a person intentionally questioning the norm. It states radical opinions as facts. This secondary source is not reliable because it could be based on speculation and twisting of facts as there is a lack of evidence.
Within the Paris Peace conference, delegates participated in negotiation and discussion through an African gathering practice, Indaba, to achieve consensus and encourage the sharing of nation’s concerns, aims and ideas. Within indaba every leaders get an equal chance to state their claims and agenda. This posed an effective inclusive method of communication and equal sharing of ideas by all nations present at the summit, to ensure all nations’ wants were being heard, in strive to work towards a consensus. Alongside the large conference, bi‐lateral meetings were held by attending countries to to deepen relations and alliances to promote cooperation practically and effectively to work towards future development and achievement of global goals as unions rather than individual forces. Thus the Paris Peace Conference was successful through it`s methods of negotiation and compromise as well as the establishment of several bi‐lateral relationships and alliances to further work towards the success of such global goal.
Introduction The hope for this research essay is to try to implement and understand the role of democracy in the case of the Korean War. This research essay will look in depth to see if democracy can truly prevent war and bring peace or if it is irrelevant in what causes war in the international realm. This concept is also known as the Democratic Peace Theory. The Democratic Peace Theory is probably the most popular theme or theory in trying to understand what causes war and what causes peace.
The first great-war shattered the human mind so profound that out of its aftermaths’ emerged a fresh discipline (in 1919 at the University of Whales known to us as International Relations) proposed to prevent war. “It was deemed by the scholars that the study of International Politics shall find the root cause of the worlds political problems and put forward solutions to help politicians solve them” (Baylis 2014:03). International Relations happened to play the role of a ‘correcting-mechanism’ restoring the world order of peace and amity by efforting at its best to maintain the worlds’ status quo. However with the emergence of a second world war much more massive that the first put at stake all the values of that young discipline of IR. The
Throughout Chapter five of her book Shadows of War, Carolyn Nordstrom shares her views on war in terms of social, physical and mental goals and punishes of such violence. To begin, one of the first goals of war as defined by Nordstrom is a direct result of a threat of loss of control. She explains that it is common for one military to feel the need to destroy another when their control over a certain (land area owned or controlled by someone) is under threat (56). An interesting point that Nordstrom makes is relating to/about (community of people/all good people in the world)'s do not tell the difference between the existence of different violences. As stated by Nordstrom, most people will naturally tell/show the difference between different wars; however, very few tell/show the difference between the experience of violence throughout such wars (57).
Conflict resolution as a field of study as indicated has formed hypothetical bits of knowledge into the nature and source of conflict and how conflicts can be resolved through peaceful systems to effectuate a dependable settlement. Morton Deutsch, was the first to form and understanding into the helpful results of collaboration as a scholastic enquiry. In his view, various variables like the way of the debate and the objectives every group in a conflict goes for are crucial in deciding the sort of introduction a group would convey to the negotiation table in its endeavor to unravel the conflict (Morton Deucth, 1985, p.24). To him, two essential orientations do exist. These are competitive and cooperative.
As described earlier in the introduction part, I have recalled different courses of negotiation in my life from which I have tried to figure out my weaknesses and strengths. Before the negotiation course, I could only realize some of my capacity and limits, for example I might be good at emotional control and bad at active listening. I believed they were not all the weaknesses and strengths that I should realize. In addition, I found it hard to hone my strengths and improve my weaknesses because (i) I did not see negotiation in systematic viewpoint (ii) I have not had enough negotiation experiences. Thankfully, this course has shed the new light on the wide scope of negotiations and how they should be conducted.
Lewicki and Hiam (1999:190-191) provide a list of reasons or circumstances a negotiator might decide to be accommodative. These include trust, respect, good feeling, and peace, to name but a few. The issue of trust is the foremost important objective for choosing accommodating negotiation style. All parties may want to build some level of trust between each other or not to destroy trust by pressing too much on one’s own outcome concerns. Second, a negotiator may also want to maintain or show some degree of respect to the other party’s skills as well as their contribution to
The use of power based negotiation can foster mistrust and anger. The parties view each other as adversaries, and can withhold information that may hinder the negotiation. One of the major downsize of power based negotiations is that the parties may lose sight of the real issue. Personal Application As a
“Conflict is a struggle over values and claims to scarce status, power, and resources, in which the aims of the opponents are to neutralize, injure, or eliminate the rivals”. (L. Coser,
The violent conflict approach is defined through coercion, threats, and destructive assaults. Galtung’s, model suggests that each of these components influence one another, and while each