ipl-logo

Sawyer And Silver's Theory Of Standard Dictation

740 Words3 Pages

Oller’s (1979) classification is slightly different form Sawyer and Silver’s (1961) in the way of classification. Sawyer and Silver’s (1961) classification is based on the material of input (single item or test) and form of output (speaking or writing), while Oller (1979) focuses on one kind of material (text) and one form of output (written) and takes it one step further. However, they have one thing in common: the various forms of orthographic text dictation proposed by Sawyer and Silver (1961) and the standard dictation proposed by Oller’s (1979) are identical. In this study, only one dictation type is involved, namely standard dictation. The description of standard dictation
Standard dictation, as a traditional way of dictation, is the …show more content…

Recently, listening is also highlighted in ESL and EFL as a result of its important role in language teaching. It is believed that students who have a developed listening ability have better comprehension of an English language than students who do not. Therefore, listening comprehension has been receiving increasing attention as an important linguistic skill to be developed in second language …show more content…

The longman dictionary of English teaching and applied linguistics describes listening comprehension as “the process of understanding speech in a first or second language. The study of listening comprehension processes in second language learning focuses on the role of individual linguistic units (e.g. phonemes, words, grammatical structures) as well as the role of the listener’s expectations, the situation and context, background knowledge and the topic. It therefore includes both top-down processing and bottom-up processing. While traditional approaches to language teaching tended to under-emphasize the importance of teaching listening comprehension, more recent approaches emphasize the role of listening in building up language competence and suggest that more attention should be paid to teaching listening in the initial stages of second or foreign language learning (Richards & Schmidt,

Show More
Related

  • Physcological Effects In Speak By Laurie Halse Anderson

    359 Words  | 2 Pages

    We can all agree that everybody has had or has physcological effects in their high school lives. In the novel Speak, by Laurie Halse Anderson the main character Melinda was raped by Andy Evans which resulted in many emotional and physical impacts. As a result of being raped, Melinda encountered psychological effects of being anti-social and self blaming. She also developed self-destructive effects such as her cutting her wrist. After being raped, Melinda became very anti-social.

    Read More

  • Summary Of Speech By Florence Kelley Ap Language

    463 Words  | 2 Pages

    In life, there are decisions made by the powerful few, that effect the powerless many. Oftentimes, we find ourselves oppressed by a systematic institution designed to benefit the masses, but they end up oppressing us. Throughout American history, there have been varying degrees of enslavement and indentured servitude which oppressed African-Americans and American youth. From the plantation to the factory, these systems have had magnificent effects on the economy. Through the use of personification in her speech, Florence Kelley develops the idea of fixing today's mistakes by learning from yesterday’s failures.

    Read More

  • Summary Of Speech By Florence Kelley Ap Language

    517 Words  | 3 Pages

    Throughout this speech, Florence Kelley addresses The Philadelphia Convention of the National American Woman Suffrage Association in 1905, to bring attention to the working conditions of young children across the nation. Kelley’s rhetorical strategies are, listing examples of the appalling working conditions in a repetitive manner and appealing to ethos and pathos to persuade her audience. Kelley creates a compelling argument that captures the audience and throws them into the issue and then persuading them to join her battle. Kelley forms strong personal and emotional statements that strikes the hearts of the audience. She captures the hearts of the mothers and fathers in the audience and then encourages them to empathize with victims.

    Read More

  • Beveridge Speech On Imperialism

    774 Words  | 4 Pages

    The source is a campaign speech advocating for imperialism. A written speech can be difficult to analyze because the tone the speaker uses when he speaks can imply more meaning than the words he says. Not all the details of the speech are included when it is typed up because the written version is missing the gestures, inflections, and tone of the original speech. The source is a persuasive speech intended to create voters for imperialism.

    Read More

  • Clare Boothe Luce Speech Analysis

    745 Words  | 3 Pages

    American journalist and politician, Clare Boothe Luce, in her opening speech at the 1960 Women’s National Press Club meeting, prepares her audience, qualifying and defending her forthcoming criticism. Luce’s purpose is to provoke thought in the journalist’s minds on what journalism is really about at its core. She adopts a frank and humorous tone to best capture the attention of her intended audience of female journalists. Through, appealing to the ethos, logos, and pathos with flattery, syllogism, and rhetorical questioning to prepare the audience for her message: “the tendency of the American press to sacrifice journalistic integrity in favor of the perceived public demand for sensationalist stories.” In the first paragraph of her speech, Luce assures the audience that “[she is] happy and flattered to be a guest of honor…”

    Read More

  • Carrie Chapman Catt Speech Analysis

    1071 Words  | 5 Pages

    During the Progressive Era, women began reforms to address social, political, and economic issues within society. Some addressed the issues with education, healthcare, and political corruption. Others worked to raise wages and improve work conditions. Among these (women) is Carrie Chapman Catt, a leader of the women’s suffrage movement. Beginning her career as a national women’s rights activist in 1890, she was asked to address Congress about the proposed suffrage amendment shortly after two years.

    Read More

  • Agathon's Symposium Speech Analysis

    700 Words  | 3 Pages

    The various ideologies of love mentioned by speakers in Plato’s Symposium portrayed the social and cultural aspect of ancient Greece. In the text, there were series of speeches given by Phaedrus, Pausanias, Eryximachus, Aristophanes, Socrates, and Agathon about the idea of love, specifically the effect and nature of Eros. Within the speakers, Agathon’s speech was exceptional in that his speech shifted the focus of the audience from effect of Eros on people, to the nature and gifts from the Eros. Despite Agathon’s exceptional remarks about Eros, Socrates challenged Agathon’s characterization of Eros through utilization of Socratic Method.

    Read More

  • Analytical Essay On Speak By Laurie Halse Anderson

    849 Words  | 4 Pages

    “You don’t understand, my head voice answers”(28). Written in 1999 by Laurie Halse Anderson, Speak is a book that takes place in the freshman year of a school outcast by the name of Melinda Sordino. After she had ruined an important end-of-the-year summer party by calling the police, she becomes isolated from her classmates and suffers trauma from an unknown event, causing her to be mute. This heart wrenching and ahead-of-its-time story is told in the perspective of Melinda, a victim of sexual assault, and as the story progresses we learn more about the truth hidden behind the thick silence and judgement about what really happened at the party and who was responsible for the unknown incident. After carefully weaving together the elements of

    Read More

  • Analytical Essay On Speak By Laurie Halse Anderson

    666 Words  | 3 Pages

    Speak In the book Speak by Laurie Halse Anderson we see the main character, Melinda, grow as a person against great adversity. Speak is a very powerful book with relatable characters. Speak shows us another side of a story we usually don't get see. We first see Melinda as she is entering her first year of high school.

    Read More

  • Analyzing Diotima's Speech

    325 Words  | 2 Pages

    In the speech of Diotima, she questions Socrates way of looking at love, Socrates said that love was something beautiful and good. Diotima describes love as needing happiness in order to have that love fulfilled; She thinks that happiness comes when one has beautiful and good things around them. Diotima describes love at the beginning of her speech, she says love was born when Aphrodite was born, Diotima also says that love is hardship and overcoming that hardship is what brings happiness to ones life. Love is described as a person, a person who has needs and desires, a person who is smart and always on the look out for opportunities. She always describes Love or Eros as being neither mortal or immortal, Love or as it is personified is the

    Read More

  • Dr. Mae C. Jemison Speech Analysis

    639 Words  | 3 Pages

    Southern University’s Founders’ Day Dr. Mae C. Jemison Speech Dr. Mae Jemison is the first African American woman to go to space. Currently, she works with National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and is a member of the Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority. On March 9, 2016, she gave a brilliant speech to everybody present in the F.G Clark Activity center at Southern University on the occasion of the 136th Southern University Founders’ Day.

    Read More

  • My Two Day Observation

    1349 Words  | 6 Pages

    During the two day observations, I had the opportunity to experience how Mrs. Carbone teaches listening, speaking, & pronunciation by incorporating different approaches. During my first observation, the class was a follow up class designed to promote listening skills and oral language development. Mrs. Carbone explained that the class

    Read More

  • Difficulties In Reading Skills Essay

    1597 Words  | 7 Pages

    An individual with a reading disability demonstrates difficulties in reading skills that are unexpected in relation to age, cognitive ability, quantity and quality of instruction, and intervention. The reading difficulties are not the result of generalized developmental delay or sensory impairment (Lundberg, I., & Hoien, T. , 2001) Reading disability may be categorized by: difficulties in • single word reading • decoding or sounding out words • reading sight words • phonological processing • receptive language ; and • comprehension The processing difficulties may also be exposed in spelling and writing. Written expression disability and mathematics disability are commonly originate in grouping with a reading disability (American Psychiatric

    Read More

  • The Importance Of Code Switching In Formal Speech

    603 Words  | 3 Pages

    Code switching is a switch in the way you speak or the language you speak, Sometimes codes switching is formal or in formal speech. Code switching is something you do around your friends, family, school, and work. It is something very important because it helps with every conversation you may have at school, home or work. Schools make this a requirement to code switch because it helps to improve your communication with others, which is good for a future job interview and speaking with law enforcements. I feel like school made this a requirement for everybody because it helps to know when to speak properly and when you’re talking to friends.

    Read More

  • Importance Of Aural-Oral Approach In English Language Teaching

    855 Words  | 4 Pages

    Aural means related to sense of hearing and oral related to verbal communication. Surely when the student is getting better in both listening and speaking they will reach communicative competence. Communicative competence refers to the level of language learning that enables language users to convey their message to others and to understand others’ messages within specific context (Hymes, 1972). Of course to reach this competence, both listening and speaking improvement is really needed. The Aural-Oral approach is very effective to be implemented in English Language Teaching in case to build communicative competence of student.

    Read More

More about Sawyer And Silver's Theory Of Standard Dictation

Open Document