Starlings Forces

Failure in one organ can cause other organs in the body to come under stress and restrict body functions. In the long run organ failures can endanger a patient’s life. Multiple organ failure occurs when two or more organs in the body fail. There are many reasons for organ failure and each organ has its own reasons as related to its function. Some common reasons for organ failure

Critical Micelle Concentration The CMC (Critical Micelle Concentration) is the amount of a surfactant molecule in a bulk stage, beyond which aggregates of surface active agents, so-called micelles. The CMC is a significant distinctive property of surfactants for its application. Generally molecules have two different constituents with differing attraction for the solutes. The component of the molecule that has an empathy for polar solutes, like water, is assumed to be hydrophilic. The component of the molecule has empathy for non-polar solutes, like hydrocarbons, is assumed to be hydrophobic.

The thrombin also promotes platelet aggregation. The fibrin stabilizes the platelet aggregates forming a platelet-fibrin thrombus. The formation of this thrombus on the device is bad as it can block the flow of blood to crucial organs including the heart and it can have fatal consequences. Thrombus formation on artificial devices is the result of both platelet activation and

In this more common form — called non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) — new blood vessels aren't growing (proliferating). When one has non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, the walls of the blood vessels in retina weaken. Tiny bulges (microaneurysms) protrude from the vessel walls of the smaller vessels, sometimes leaking fluid and blood into the retina. Larger retinal vessels can begin to dilate and become irregular in diameter, as well. Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy can progress from mild to severe, as more blood vessels become blocked.

In cases where hypoplastic maxillary sinuses are present, lateral elevation of the uncinate process until it fuses with the medial orbital wall can impede the integrity of the orbit. Congenital or traumatic deviation of the nasal septum can result in compression of the middle meatus and subsequent obstruction of the drainage pathway. Complications of these variations arise when they obstruct the drainage pathway of the respective paranasal sinuses. Pneumatization of respective areas has been associated with reduced ventilation to the sinuses. As a result, stasis of the mucous within the sinus can result in sinopathies such as sinusitis and

In vascular system, endothelial cells are subjected to an apical-to-basal pressure gradient but they do not bear the whole forces produced by that pressure gradient as the underlying connective tissue supports such forces produced by the pressure gradient of the lumen. On the contrary, because of the basal-to-apical flow direction of the aqueous humor, the direction of resulting pressure gradient experienced by endothelial cells existing in the inner wall of Schlemm’s canal is opposite to that for the vascular endothelium. Therefore, these endothelial cells have to directly support such transcellular pressure gradient, which tends to separate them from their underlying basement membrane (Zeng et al. 2010; Overby et al. 2014) and results in the presence of pores, called “giant vacuoles”, inside the endothelial cells (Johnson 2006).

Aneurysm Introduction: The term aneurysm is derived from the Greek word aneurysma meaning “a widening”.An aneurysm is a localized, abnormal, weak spot on a blood vessel wall that causes an outward bulging likened to a bubble or balloon. Aneurysms are a result of a weakened blood vessel wall and may be a result of a hereditary condition or an acquired disease. Aneurysms can also be a nidus for thrombosis and embolization. As an aneurysm increases in size, the risk of rupture increases leading to uncontrolled bleeding. Although they may occur in any blood vessel particularly lethal examples include aneurysms of the Circle of Willis in the brain, aortic aneurysms affecting the thoracic aorta and abdominal aortic aneurysms.

When the surfactant is inadequate the alveoli will collapse, lung expansion will become more difficult ( compliance). Therefore, the infants can’t be able to breath enough amount of oxygen and this may affect the infant’s

You may have anemia if the number of your red blood cells is few. Anemia indicates that your hemoglobin is low. Hemoglobin is a portion of red blood cell brings oxygen to the cells in your body. Regular levels of hemoglobin may be slightly different when it comes to the lab which the test will be done, age and sex. In grown-ups, doctors describe anemia as a hemoglobin of less than 12 grams per deciliter.

Also, exposure of wounds may cause infections. Besides, pain and infection caused due to insufficient treatment, the patient goes through the trauma of losing his aesthetics. Laboratory Errors Body samples are sent to laboratories for evaluation. However, the pathologists fail to interpret the conditions and draw analysis of the condition. Any misinterpretation of symptoms can lead to misdiagnosis of the diseases and lead to wrong medication.

Holly Weiss SC-131 Unit 7 Acidosis and Alkalosis Assignment The normal pH value for the body fluids is between pH 7.35 and 7.45. When the pH value of body fluids is below 7.35, the condition is called acidosis, and when the pH is above 7.45, it is called alkalosis. Respiratory acidosis is a condition that occurs when the lungs cannot remove all of the carbon dioxide the body produces. This causes body fluids, especially the blood, to become too acidic. Some causes include obstructive sleep apnea, diseases of the chest, airways and the nerves.

Timmy’s cartilage plates around the larynx are probably severely damaged and this can compromise the airways and let the air to escape into his neck and chest. The trachea could be further damaged and as well as the esophagus. If in the moment of the punch he had breathed in, the air he had inhaled can’t escape through its normal way. That’s why it will find another way out.

This causes reduced blood flow to important body organs, which can be life-threatening. CAUSES It is not known what causes the inflammation that leads to Takayasu arteritis. It may be due to an autoimmune disorder where your body 's defense (immune) system attacks itself. RISK FACTORS

This procedure allows food to bypass part of the small intestine so fewer calories are absorbed. It is reserved for severely obese people with a BMI of 50 or greater who have been unable to lose weight with other methods. Weight loss surgeries help to reduce deaths from diabetes, cancer, and heart disease.

However, if intracranial air builds up and cannot be released or absorbed, it can put pressure on your brain (tension pneumocephalus). Tension pneumocephalus is a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment. CAUSES Neurosurgery is a common cause of pneumocephalus. Other causes include: • Back surgery. • Brain or skull injury.