Emoticon Literature Review

INVESTIGATING POSSIBLE CORRELATIONS

OF STICKER USE IN MOBILE MESSAGING

WITH EXTRAVERSION, SOCIAL ANXIETY, AND RELATIONSHIPS

PROPOSAL

Katrina Paola Alvarez, Ted Patrick Boglosa, and Bernadette Joy Lareza

Introduction and Literature Review Emoticons are typographical signs or constructs that are used to communicate an expression based on a general human emotion [e.g. :-) for happiness] or convey a message to be deciphered from a specific perspective [e.g. _/\_ for hands together in prayer] (Baron, 2009; Salló, 2011). Salló (2011) elaborates on this by defining these signs as “icons [that] are meant to express some kind of human feeling” (p. 309). Baron (2009) traces the history of “expression markers” or emoticons to 1982 when Carnegie Mellon professor Scott Fahlman first suggested and used :-) in online communication to suggest a specific emotion -- in this case, happiness -- conveyed in or accompanying a message. Since emoticons’ introduction, designers have created graphic versions of the faces and other objects or gestures originally presented with typography.

Behaviors often associated with extraverts include fluent communication, ease in making new friends, and participation in group activities such as parties (p.47). Extroverts also direct their focus on people and objects as they are used to social environments, unlike introverts who prefer to “listen and reflect” (Lu & Hsiao, 2010, p.152). In the field of psychology, extraversion is identified as one of the five broad dimensions of the Five-Factor Model of Personality, along with agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism and openness to experience (McCrae & John,