Essay On Farm Environment
Straw: Straw is the remains of harvested crops such as maize, sorghum, etc. After the crops plants have been harvested, the remaining crop plants can be used as straw to feed the animals. Straw is given to the cattle (ruminants) as fillers as they hardly have any nutritive feeding value. It is highly deficient in minerals, vitamins and proteins. The carbohydrate present is of poor quality.
4 Soilage: Soilage is cut on the field and taken straight to the animals in their pens to eat. The animals are not allowed to go out to graze, rather grasses are taken to the animals in their pens.
5 Concentrates: Concentrate is a feed that is high in energy, but low in fibre. In other words, it supplies protein, carbohydrate and fat at a high level.
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Water is vital for all farm animals for different metabolic activities digestion, waste elimination, blood circulation, etc. Water is very useful in the feeding of farm animals. Animals need water for drinking, bathing and washing of the feeding tools on the farm. It is also useful for dipping when controlling ectoparasites on the farm. It is also needed for mixing the saliva with feed while eating. Other uses of water on the farm include meat and milk processing, maintaining the body temperature of farm animals, through perspiration and evaporation. Symptoms of water deficiency include weakness, weight loss, and reduced saliva production.
Ration
The six essential nutrients must be present in the ration of a farm animal in the right proportion and right quantity. This is when we can say we have given a Balanced ration. Ration is the total amount of feeds fed to animal, within a day or twenty-four hours in the right proportion and quantity. The important thing to note is that the amount is adequate in quantity to meet the nutritional needs of the animal for which it is intended. Ration can further be divided into two groups:
1 Maintenance ration, and
2 Production ration
Maintenance
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