A] ANTIOXIDANT ASSAYS In the past decade, strong attention was given to the antioxidant power of fruits as an indicator of its quality. This parameter is strictly proportional to the presence of efficient reactive-oxygen/radical scavenging phenolic compounds and other secondary metabolites. Highly reactive molecules (NO, O2-, HOO-) generated in biological systems are associated with initiation of degenerative diseases. The antioxidant can reduced this risk. Uncontrolled generation of free radicals together with reduced level of antioxidative vitamins and enzymes are considered to be main contributor to oxidative stress (Ellnain-Wojtaszek et. al., 2003). Free radical attack membrane lipid, protein and DNA which is believed to be involved in …show more content…
Chemical profiling of fruits of both the varieties from four different ripening stages was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Chlorogenic acid, Catechin, Rutin and Quercetin were used as standards. The peaks obtained in various chromatographs were compared with the standards. Although HPLC data is available for red strawberry fruits, no such information has been reported for the two strawberry varieties we assessed. Further, only a couple of reports are available on the HPLC analysis of fruits from four different developmental stages (Zhang et al. 2011). There are a few reports on HPLC analysis of strawberries (Aaby et al. 2007; Buendia et al. 2010). From Figures 5, 6, 7 and 8, we determined that more compounds were observed in 0.2% acetic acid extract which were eluted at 280 nm than the ethanol extract. Additionally, in the antioxidant assays described above, more activity was seen in the 0.2 % acetic acid extracts except for the ferric reduction potential assay. A recent study revealed significant changes in metabolite levels during the ripening stages, specially the transition stage from green to red (Zhang et al. 2011). Though reported for the first time in Sweet Charlie and Camarosa varieties, our HPLC data is similar to what was reported for other varieties (Zhang et al.
Countless people start their lives in situations that they would not have picked for themselves if they had been given the choice. This seems to be the case in the poem “Blackberries” by Yusef Komunyakaa. The speaker reflects on what he had to do as a child and seems to feel guilty and regretful of his actions. The speaker in this poem seems to be reminiscing on his life as a child and the things he could not have yet in life.
It is important to note that when grapes are ripening, they will have equivalent amounts of glucose and fructose. The sugar content will be 18-24 brix/100g of sugar. In addition, during ripening period, the acidity of grapes should lie around pH 3.3 or 0.6-0.8g/100ml, with declination in Malic and tartaric acid as they metabolize which cause dilution to occur. The berries should be dark colored with soft elastic textures that allow it to be easy to be removable from the pedicels. Nonetheless, strong varietal aroma with low to none astringency should also be found within the berries when it is ripe.
Xhonneux, L. "The Classic Coming Out Novel: Unacknowledged Challenges to the Heterosexual Mainstream." College Literature, vol. 39 no. 1, 2012, pp. 94-118. Project MUSE, doi:10.1353/lit.2012.0005.
Do you know about a fact that maple syrup has same classes of antioxidant compounds as found in berries, tomatoes, tea, red wine, whole wheat and flax seed? The quantity and variety of identified compounds
Summer: a time for the beach, partying, and having fun. But for some teenagers, it means getting a job. In the books Nantucket Blue and Nantucket Red, Cricket Thompson, a teenager from Providence entering her senior year, went all the way to Nantucket for a summer job with hopes to make some fun memories and leave her problems back at home. Cricket draws inspirations from Nina Clayton throughout the summer. The author, Leila Howland, focuses on the idea of hope.
To heighten color, modify flavor, soften texture, deter spoilage, and to even transform apple scraps, glucose, coal-tar dye, and timothy seed chemical additives were used. Products were often labeled and packaged to appear larger than they were; or packaged to appear to have a higher concentration of food. Farmers felt threatened by unfair competition as shady producers adulterated fertilizers, deodorized rotten eggs, revived rancid butter, and substituted glucose for honey. This began to worry high-quality producers who worried that their products might be undermined by deceitful goods. Real strawberry jam producers felt threatened by the bad strawberry “spread” substitutes, since consumers could not tell the difference while they were purchasing.
Catechol oxidase is found in cell cytoplasm, their function in plants are to "help protect damaged plants bacterial and fungal disease." The objective of this experiment is to test the presences of catechol oxidase in various fruits and vegetables. Our group hypothesis states that, If catechol oxidase is present in the selected extracts, the null hypothesis is that catechol oxidase is not present in the selected extracts. Next, the prediction would be, if catechol oxidase doesn't differ with other enzyme sources, then the rates will
Oxidative Phosphorylation is the metabolic pathway in which mitochondria use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to create ATP. If cells become oxygen deficient, the condition known as hypoxia (no oxygen) occurs. This condition can be due to abnormally acidic blood or a lack of critical enzymes necessary for releasing oxygen from red blood cells, so when this oxidative cycle is oxygen deficient, it can’t produce the quantity nor quality of ATP necessary for normal cellular functioning. “Oxygen is alkaline forming in the blood, while carbon dioxide which is produced as a by-product of the oxidation process is acid forming.
In chapter one,Pollan depicts the sweetness of apples(malus domestica) as a certain kind of “perfection.” He explains how the power of sweetness has lost fulfillment over time, but proceeds to be a driving force in evolution. “Could it be that sweetness is the prototype of all desire?” The chapter ventures through the evolution of the apple, and the historical advancements apple growers have made in order to change the taste of apples.
Yusef Komunyakaa composed Blackberries in 1992 who told the story of himself as a little boy who picked berries and sold them for a living. In Blackberries, Yusef Komunyakaa fixated on the theme of social class by utilizing imagery, metaphors, and allusions to depict the poem. Yusef balanced between the world of wealthy and poor; usage of plethora images and metaphors to illustrate the boy’s perplexed lifestyle while living in a rural world. In the poem was the continuous use of imagery, which exemplified how he connected to the world.
Apples, pears, peaches, grapes, oranges, and bananas are all sweet and juicy when they are fresh. Its just like pizza, hot
Hardships are never easy things to overcome, everyone goes through them; some more than others. Just like we go through them, we also have different ways of handling them. In the short story, “Blackberries in June,” by Ron Rash, every character goes through a hardship. While most deal with them in the same way, there are three characters who are polar opposites. Linda, Matt, and Jamie both face some pretty tough problems, but while one likes to play the blame game, the other looks on the bright side.
In recent research studies, the healing properties of oranges have been associated with a wide variety of phytonutrient compounds. these phytonutrients include citrus flavanones when it's combined with vitamin c the antioxidant properties are expected to be there but it's another molecule that makes the vitamin c stronges and it is the hesperidin molecule which has been singled out as the most important
Intrinsic factors and extrinsic factors, both contribute to this process. As discussed earlier, UV-induced damage to the DNA causes a poor renewal of the skin. When exposed to harsh sunlight, an individual is also exposed to the UV light that comes along with it. Excessive exposure can cause premature aging in certain individuals and also is observed as severe pigmentation and sunburns as well. The antioxidants, namely vitamin E and vitamin C are majorly targeted by the UV light and thus, reduce the antioxidant capacity of the epidermis on prolonged exposure.
A comparative research study has give evident that cocoa have higher antioxidant activity than black tea, green tea, and red wine. iii. Antioxidants help to neutralize the oxygen-based free radicals that are present in the body. iv. Free radicals are associated with human disease, including cancer, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer 's disease, Parkinson 's disease and many others.