Stress is a general term applied to various mental and psychological pressures experienced or felt by people in their lives. Stress may be defined as a state of psychological imbalanced resulting from the disparity between situational demand and the individual’s ability and motivation to meet those demands. According to Dr. Hans Selye (2011), one of the leading authorities on the concept of stress, described stress as the rate of all wear and tear caused by life. Stress may be felt by many people including managers and employees in an organization. Manager is the person responsible for planning and directing the work of a group of individuals, monitoring their work, and taking corrective active when necessary.
1.9 Operational Definition 1.9.1 Job Stress Job stress define as the response to organizational stress in the workplace environment that pose “a perceived threat to an individual’s well-being or safety”. On the other hand, individual level factors have also been implicated in stress outcomes, both as contributing factors as well as moderators of stress (Finney, et.al, 2013). Teachers’ stress refers to a situation where the teachers are exposed to certain unwanted internal or external environmental factors which obstruct the routine life of the faculty by negatively affecting their performance at work. Minimal levels of routine stress do not have severe consequences, but continuous exposure to excessive stress could lead to job dissatisfaction,
Stress is a very common problem being faced today. Every individual will experience stress at some point or stage in one’s life. Lazarus and Folkman (1984) defines stress as “an internal state which can be caused by physical demands of body or by environmental and social situations, which are evaluated as potentially harmful, uncontrollable, or exceeding our resources for coping”. Without stress, there would be no life (Rosen & Stith, 2002). However, excessive or prolonged stress can be harmful.
(David, 1998) contributed “it can also be labeled as the destructive substantial and expressive responses that arise when the necessities of the job do not match the capacities, funds, or needs of the workers. Job stress can direct to poor health and even hurt”. Elevated level of stress existed with no administrative apprehension for explanation therefore lowering the employee routine, staking organizational standing and hammering of skillful staff, these situations label for instantaneous apprehension from organization management for employing effective trauma management practices to amplify employee contentment and generally employee performance (Imtiaz & Ahmad, 2009). Work stress can come from a selection of sources and influence people
Organizations and employees must deal with the issues of professional stress and should be smart in tackling stress to stay productive. Employees should be knowledgeable regarding the causes to meet professional stress on time. Professional stress occurs when the employees find disparity between job and work environment especially when they need to work under different categories of pressures and anxieties (Nawe, 1995; Maslach, 2003). Continuing a stressful job may lead to sudden burnout situation at workplace, and could develop negative self-image and other symptoms of stress (Caputo, 1991). The press serves the role of delivering new information quickly, accurately, and consistently
Incorporating roles and role requirements other causes are environmental, social, and financial changes at the full scale level of the organization. Stress is created at all the levels of organization, specifically by the above aspects. Other stress creating factors are issues like inaccessibility of resources, role stagnation and the failure to get promotion in the organization. It indicates article results where cooperative work atmosphere can relieve many of the above stressors. When organizations are focused on demand fulfillment of employees and their jobs and mental happiness, more job satisfaction is obtained.
The first of which is, although there is legislature in place that ensures each and every organisation has health and wellness practices in place this does not mean that the organisation is actually adhering to them (Rick et al, 1997). Each organisation is different and has a range of people working for them, it is thus challenging to know how every single employee is doing and assessing whether they are coping with the work load and stress (Viljoen & Rothmann, 2009). It is also a challenge for the organisation as a whole to know if their management and leadership people are actually putting into play the support systems that are there for its employees (Rick et al, 1997). For example, if an organisation claims it has open lines of communication for employees to use if they are in need of assistance, whether that is through EPA’s or the needing of mentorship of someone from a management team, if the management itself does not cooperate then, the system is not being implemented, therefor it is there on paper but not in action. Another challenge for organisations is that although there may be practices in place to help people cope with stress, the employees themselves have to take it upon themselves to reach out and accept that help (Viljoen & Rothmann, 2009).
Most of the people have no difficulty saying when they are under stress and attributing all problems to stress. Stress is a concept that has been linked to various aspects and operations. For some it is stimulus, sometimes more, sometimes less complex, for others it is an inferred inner state and for still others it is an observable response to stimulus or situation. Thus, the role of the term is confusing and hence requires a clear definition. But Educationalists and Psychologists have considerable difficulty in defining stress and have tended to avoid the concept, as it is too global.
Workplace stress and mental health are two commonly related issues. The definition of this topic is, according to (Buckley, 2016) as a harmful reaction that people have to undue pressures and demands placed on them at work. Stress in the workplace is quite common nowadays due to the loads that employer put on their worker, when the world is changing globally and competitions are getting bigger, employers usually first will force their workers to put in more effort in their jobs than rather to bring in more employees. Besides excessive workloads, the working environment can also results in workplace stress. For example bullying, sexual harassment, bad communication between staff and a lot more that can induce stress to the workers.
If a person is social, they will always find someone to listen to their problems, which is a very important in suppressing the hazards caused by stress. 2) Organizational Level: Strategies that management teams might want to consider are as follows Selection and Placement Some jobs are very stressful. Moreover, different individuals react differently to stressful situations. Selection and placement decisions should take these facts into consideration. Organizations should not only prefer experienced people, but also look for such individuals who may adapt better to high stress jobs and perform more