Essay On Structural Cracks
ABSTRACT
The common defects observed in building are cracks. A crack may be the first sign of a serious defect which may affect the serviceability or the stability of the building. Most of buildings may crack during their service life. The appearance of crack is a symptom of distress within the material of the building.
The proposed project is representing case and causes, prevention and repair of cracks in building. Here various causes of structural and non-structural cracks, due to moisture changes, thermal variations, elastic deformation, creep, chemical reaction, foundation movement and settlement of soil, penetration of vegetation root, etc.; are discussed with typical example of occurrence of cracks together with measures for prevention
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Internal stress in building components could be compressive, tensile or shear. Most of the building materials that are subject to cracking, namely, masonry, concrete, mortar, etc. Are weak in tension and shear and thus forces of even small magnitude, when they cause tension or shear in a number, are able to cause cracking. It is possible to distinguish between tensile and shear cracks by closely examining their physical characteristics.
1.4 ALLOWABLE WIDTH OF CRACKS:-
Cracks may appreciably vary in width from very thin hair cracks barely visible to naked eye (about 0.01 mm in width) to gaping cracks 5 mm or more in width. A commonly known classification of cracks, based on their width on their width is:
A. Thin-less than 1 mm in width,
B. Medium-1 to 2 mm in width,
C. Width more than 2 mm in width.
Cracks may be of uniform width throughout or may be narrow at one end, gradually widening at the other. Cracks may straight, toothed, stepped, map pattern or random and may be vertical, horizontal or diagonal. Cracks may be only at the surface or may extend to more than one layer of materials. Occurrence of closely spaced fine cracks at surface of a material is sometimes called ‘crazing’. Cracks from different causes have varying characteristics and it is by careful observation of these characteristics that one can correctly diagnose the cause or causes of cracking and adopt appropriate remedial
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