Deductive approach and survey strategy were used for the study. Survey strategy allows the researcher to collect quantitative data at a large scale (Saunders et al. 2009). This study used quantitative approach and numerical data was collected by administering a structured questionnaire. It is easy to inference by applying statistical techniques with quantitative data than the qualitative (Shajari and Ismail 2013). Structural Equation Modeling was applied for the analysis.
Using Structured Equation Modeling
The use of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) in research has been increased in many study areas such as psychology, sociology, education, political science, education and economics etc. (Khine 2013; Lei and Wu 2007; Anderson and Gerbing
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The survey items were selected from previous studies and some were modified accordingly to the research aim and the country context. The questionnaire consists with four sections. First section covers the basic demographic characteristics such as age, gender etc. the second section focus to get some idea about the experience regarding internet and government websites. The survey items related to variables were covered in both sections three and four. The five point likert scale ranging from 1 “strongly disagree” to 5 “strongly agree” are used to record the level of agreement for non-demographic survey …show more content…
Homogeneity of the measurement items is indicated by the internal consistency of measures. Accordingly, Cronbach’s alpha values were calculated for each constructs and alpha values shown in Table 01 are acceptable with the cut-off value 0.7 (Hair et al. 2006). In addition to the calculation of alpha values, factor analysis was applied to assess the construct validity. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO), Average Variance Extracted (AVE) and Construct Reliability (CR) values are also considered to determine the construct validity. KMO value rages from 0 to 1, which higher the KMO value, it is said that more correlating factors represent the particular variable. Thump-rule of the KMO is > 0.5. The Table 01 shows the calculated KMO values for the constructs of the study and all values exceed the cut-off 0.5. The cut-off values for AVE and CR are 0.5 and 0.7 respectively. Higher value suggests better validity. AVE and CR values are shown in Table 02. Values suggest that sufficient construct validity is there to proceed further
The Questionnaire we constructed included several different question types, such as Likert, so we could gather the most accurate data. The first couple of questions we asked were simple questions to understand the person taking the survey. Some of these questions included gender and age range. These questions made us aware of the demographics taking the questionnaire. Then we included questions that gave us insight on how frequently they ate fast food and how frequently they visited Chick-fil-a. Some examples of these questions were, how far they lived from a Chick-fil-a, what meal they usually eat at a fast food restaurant, and how many times a week they eat Chick-fil-a. For the next section of our questionnaire there were Likert scaled questions
It highlights various ways of designing an indigenous scales and manipulating Western ones so that they become more culturally appropriate. For example in this study, translating the Interpersonal Scale to Urdu, which is the native language of Pakistan, was a good strategy. It allowed participants to understand the scale better and answer questions comfortably. The study followed all the ethical guidelines required in a psychological test which is pretty commendable since it is difficult to do that in a society that might have a different perception of ethics altogether. It also highlighted gender differences, which is extremely important even in small populations like Pakistani university students.
Survey Response Please see the excel file summary tab for further insight into data analysis. 1.) Which area(s) indicate the overall highest level of satisfaction or approval?
The researchers correlated the scores with the health
The unfortunate truth about the world is that it is far from perfect but, depending on the eye of the beholder it can either be seen as encouraging or detrimental to society. Examining imperfection through a biological perspective one can see that imperfections is what makes each individual distinct from one another, especially during reproduction. When humans reproduce not only do both the mother and father pass on their genes to their offspring but also combine and mix different genes to create amalgamation of both parents, ultimately fabricating variation among the human race. If humans reproduced like most single celled organism in which they divide themselves into an identical or perfect copy of itself then there would be no distinction among humans, creating a dull and directionless life. On the contrary, the complexity of and individuals mind can be detrimental to society.
Sport teams and family structures share similar characteristics in behavior patterns, hierarchy of power, communications styles, and the development of roles. Researchers postulate that Structural Family Theory could be an effective means to develop interventions for sport team in order to increase team cohesion; thereby increasing performance (Zimmerman, Protinsky, & Zimmerman, 1994). The advantage of such an approach is that a wider interpersonal context could offer new explanations regarding group dynamics and why group members do what they do. For example, if clear lines of power do not exist in a team or a family, then dysfunctional behavior patterns could develop due to a lack of leadership. Role rigidity could be the result of the lack of open communications within the family or team, which could lead to less than optimal systematic functioning due to athletes/family members being so intimidated by the leader that they cannot be authentic due to the inability to express both positive and negative thoughts and feelings.
The data were processed and analyzed using SPSS version 18. Frequencies, cross tabulation, Pearson’s, chi-square test, ANOVA were used to analyze the data. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically
This data set was compiled through using many different surveying methods, and yielded over 9,000 respondents. In order to answer the question, the researcher organized the data from the database through different steps.
The first major piece of United States health care legislation started with our 2nd president, John Adams who in 1798 signed an Act for the ill-stricken and disabled seamen. Within this act, it stated that from a seamen’s paycheck that twenty cents per month would be allocated to cover any medical bills. Many years have passed with greater technologies, more educated physicians, and health care reform within our health care system. While some health care systems are more technologically advanced with physicians going through extended educational programs, other countries are stricken with disease, have medication and vaccination shortages, and a health care system that is non-existent. Even though the United States has issues within government
1. Social Stratification is social differences or inequalities between groups based on their gander, income, race or religious. For Example, in the movie, Chris and his wife were working and were poor and low-income family. Their son did not get the opportunity to attend a better daycare, or spend time with his parents because both were running to make their living.
A subscale of Ryff’s Scale of Psychological Well-Being entitled Positive Relations with Others was employed (Ryff, 1989), using a six-point Likert scale (0 = totally disagree, 5 = totally agree). The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the scale in the present study is 0.83. A demographic data sheet was used to obtain information about gender, age, education,
While these hypotheses seem reasonable, the authors encounter problems regarding the model specification. First, each
According to the tenets of the theory of planned behavior, individuals first think about a behavior (e.g., the intent to act) and only then proceed to act (Chambers & Benibo, 2011). The dependent variables of intent to act in the theory of planned behavior include individual attitudes, perceived behavioral control, self-efficacy, and behavioral norms which are in turn dependent variables to the actual behavior demonstrated (Chambers & Benibo, 2011). The theory of planned behavior has been applied in a number of different settings, including in the context of nosocomial infections (Hughes, 2008). In this context, the planned behavior theory conceptualizes individuals’ intent to engage in handwashing as involving three main factors: (1) attitude
In their words, “We recognise of course, that standards for rigour in empirical work are continually rising. What were acceptable methodological practices even five years ago can easily and rapidly become unacceptable as social science scholars better understand the limitations of their empirical techniques and develop more rigorous methods for identifying and correcting for potential biases in their work”, . Additionally, they reported that for the articles published in JIBS between 2000 and the present only 65 of the 167 articles (about one third) mentioned or addressed common methods in their paper. Of this group, half the articles, (32) used Harman’s single factor test or something similar to test for CMV. Fifteen articles used another approach.
The students selected came from three sections to avoid prejudice of their perceptions. In order to assure manageability of the collected data, the questionnaire only included multiple choice, checklist, Likert scale, ranking/rating questions and did not include open-ended response