In the ontological investigation of language, namely the classification of what makes language what it is. Many philosophers are fascinated by the nature of language. Some philosopher holds a view of essentialism that presupposes there is an identical and continuous universals essence, which can justify all human language. However, the objection to Essentialists’ approach to the study of language is that with such assumption of intrinsic properties of language exists, they have presupposed “language” as a constant real substance. Both Western philosopher Ferdinand de Saussure and Ludwig Wittgenstein have rejected the simplistic notion of the essence in explaining the nature of language, and suggest the similarities between languages are merely one side of the linguistic phenomenon.
The Kant’s caution is that the possession of power inevitably corrupts the free judgment of reason, stands as a classic example of this view. It is important to grasp the notion of genealogy, as it has become crucial to many postmodern perspectives in International Relations. Genealogy is a style of historical thought which exposes and registers the significance of power–knowledge relations. Genealogy affirms a perspective which denies the capacity to identify origins and meanings in history objectively. A genealogical approach is anti-essentialist in orientation, affirming the idea that all knowledge is situated in a particular time and place and issues from a particular perspective.
The translated documents (target language texts) will be the basic reference in the present paper, on account of the relative (in) translatability of idioms. Idioms are difficult to translate because
Formalist,contrary to ancient critics whom regarded a literary work as a reflection of its own author`s life,claimed that, a literary text hasno concern with author. Roland Barthes, as one of the main celebrated
It is important because the speaker is involved within, being present, in which speakers are able to state clearly and elaborate its point thoroughly. In contrary, Derrida argues that writing can only record words of the author and instead of a media to translate its idea, leaving to vagueness and inaccuracy of understanding the text, isolating the author from the text itself. Thus, western tradition marginalizes writing due to the fact that the opportunity leading to misread. Centralising the meaning and marginalizing the signifier; considering writing as a subsidiary of speech. Consequently, we can come to conclusion that speech has taken the form of speech, since both the giver is concurrently present with the recipient.
In 1988 Indian team visited Kenya. Apart from that, we used to have players like Sanjay Manjrekar, Sandeep Patil, Chandrakant Pandit, Pravin Amre, Salil Ankola, Balvinder Sandhu, Karsan Ghavri playing club cricket in our country. Even the locals, who had kept safe distance from the game from its beginning, started to embrace it. There used to be 70 to 80 local Africans, playing the Nairobi Club
This happens because the sign is arbitrary. He saw language as the most important sign system. Saussure looked at the arbitrary nature of the sign as the first principle of language. Therefore, he believes that the signifier and the signified are not connected naturally. He avoids the relational between language and the external world.
Corpus Stylistics is a new direction at the interface between the fields of stylistics and corpus linguistics, namely the use of a corpus methodology to investigate stylistic categories in different text types or in individual texts. The qualitative and quantitative analyses of stylistic phenomena rely on the evidence of language usage as collected and analyzed in corpora. Corpus linguistics provides a more objective view of language. John Sinclair (1998) pointed out that this is because speakers do not have access to the subliminal patterns which run through a language. As mentioned in a study by the Siebold University of Nagasaki "A corpus-based analysis can investigate almost any language patterns, lexical, structural, lexico-grammatical, discourse, phonological, morphological, often with very specific tools such as discovering male versus female usage of tag questions, children's acquisition of irregular past participles, or counterfactual statement error patterns of Japanese students.
Classifying metaphors has always been regarded to as a difficult task. Cognitive linguists hold different views on the categorisation of metaphorical expressions. According to Lesz. for what concerns the study of cognitive linguistics, it is possible to focus on a restricted number of metaphor types, such as conventional and conceptual metaphors (29). Throughout history, metaphors were amply defined by the so called "decorative approach", which regarded metaphors as mere ornamental features and without attributing them any important or influential function on thought.
Grammar is a demonstration of a language at a time. The grammar of a language is the way that language is structured, how the words are arranged with each other to form a meaningful sentence. Usually there is no strict rule to use grammar in a sentence. It is just the mind that differentiates between the wrong and right grammar and that what all matters. The early rules of grammar were different then we have today.