Health statistics show improvement in objective measures of health and at the same time there is an increase in the subjective health complaints (Buckingham, 2008). The term “subjective health complaints” is employed to explain a variety of health symptoms experienced by the individual with or without a defined diagnosis, which can vary from occasional health complaints to clinical manifestations and may impair everyday functioning (Haugland et al., 2001). The terms ‘medically unexplained’, ‘functional’ and ‘psychosomatic’ have additionally been used by scholars to explain similar constellation of symptoms. Nevertheless, the experts prefer the term "subjective health complaints" due neutral qualities, as it does not allow any assumptions about …show more content…
The most well established and constant finding across relevant cross-national studies is that subjective health complaints are both gender and age dependent, indicating that females tend to complain more about their health, and these complaints increase with age for both genders. (Haugland, 2001; Torsheim, 2001, Stock et al, 2008; Torsheim et al, 2006; Petanidou, 2012).
Socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors associated with occupation do not explain enough about the differences in subjective health complaints, thus suggesting that psychological factors may be more important to explain subjective health complaints (Ihlebæk, Eriksen, 2003).
High prevalence of multiple health complaints among adolescents may persist and even be related to different health issues later into adulthood (Dunn, 2006; Gregory et al,
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The interviews revealed that the presence of health complaints negatively influences subjective well-being and functioning in daily life. Adolescents were consistent in how they defined different symptoms, suggesting that adolescents have a common frame of reference when they rate their frequency of symptoms. However, adolescents differed in their lay perspectives on the causes of such symptoms. In some cases explanations were consistent with a stress-model of health complaints. In other cases, adolescents attributed their health complaints to developmental processes, such as growing pains, or ergonomic factors such as low quality of air in classrooms etc. The quantitative analysis of this study showed acceptable test-retest reliability for the HBSC symptom scale as a whole (Pearson-r = .79), and somewhat lower reliability for the single symptoms (Pearson-r = 0.61 to
Callaghan (2015) highlighted that asylum seekers are mainly known as a group of people who has complex health and social care needs in the ward. This could be linked to lack of deprive healthy lifestyle information or understanding due to higher level of non English speaking population in the ward. Dahlgren and Whitehead (1991) highlighted those most influencing factors on people’s health can be classed into physical, behavioural factors, biological, social and environment. For example life style choices such as smoking can be avoided whiles biological factors such as cancer is past people’s control. In addition Liz (2015), found that 71% of the people in the ward suffer poor health such as respiratory and diabetes whiles 46% are affected by mental health illness compared to overall Leeds 12%.
However, William and Popay (1994) suggested that the definition of health and illness should be organized in the following way: i) they do not mimic medical
• These classifications do not account for people who have ‘atypical’ symptoms or those that do not clearly follow the ‘script. • Critics claim that categorical systems reduce humans to one-dimensional sources of data rather than encouraging practitioners to treat the whole person. • Critics also see these systems as tools for social control – giving mental health professionals control over people’s lives. 3. Explain two alternative frameworks for understanding mental distress.
Health is a basic human need and is a ubiquitous human aspiration. Unfortunately health is not equal and there are considerable differences in long term health outcomes between people from differing socioeconomic backgrounds. Health is not only the result of biological or genetic processes; it is also influenced by the economic and social conditions in which people live in. These influences are termed as the social determinants of health and they can influence health either positively or negatively (Siegrist and Marmot, 2006). Social determinants of health are not fixed and include things such as types of housing and environment people live in, the accessibility of education and health services, income level and employment type.
According to the Wellness Inventory, my lowest scores were in the Wellness and Breathing and Playing/ Working Categories. Doing this assignment really opened my eyes and it was very beneficial to me. I had always felt like I eat healthy and stay active the majority of the time. Now, I’m starting to think that maybe I am not active at all, only too busy running around. While I was reading the textbook, on the topic of Reinforcing Factors, it was saying how you should not make goals “from a desire to please or impress someone else (Page 17).”
Prior to completing the wellness self-assessment tool, I desired to work on the physical dimension of my life. When I was younger I used to be extremely active. In the past 6-8 years however, my physical activity level has decreased significantly, to the point where it could be considered non-existent. After completing the self-assessment, it was more evident to me that this was an area I needed to improve on. I am not surprised that both the physical and play dimensions of my wellness are weighted the lowest (see below).
Many people think that for one to be healthy, they must be psychically active, but that’s not entirely true. To truly be healthy, they must take into account the three main elements that make up health. A health triangle can help a person achieve a state of well-being, for the triangle has the necessary parts for leading a healthy life. In order for a health triangle to be effective in one’s life, the person must understand what it is and how it works, and how to balance out and improve their triangle.
Relationship problems; 2. Return from deployment; 3. Chronic medical problems for self; 4. Poor sleep patterns; 5. Depressed anxious mood; 6.
The wellness of a human being has been broken down into five sections. These sections are: emotional wellness, intellectual wellness, physical wellness, social wellness and spiritual wellness. I think my strongest section for my personal wellness is my emotion, intellect and physical wellness. However, my weakest sections are social wellness and spiritual wellness. I believe that my emotional wellness is my strongest section.
In short, the biological model of health is mainly defined from the absence of disease, from the model that is well-matched with positive meanings in relation to balance of normal functioning. The social model health is actually a positive state of well-being and wholeness linked with however this is not mainly explained from the non-existence of disease, physical, mental impairment and illness (Gross, 2010). Overall the concepts of ill health and health are not balanced. Non-existences of disease might be part of health, however health is considered more than the “absence of disease”.
However, mental health can be causes by many different factors, for instance unemployment or a lower living standard (Nocon & Owen, 2006). Moreover, the lifestyle of individuals, e.g. whether they smoke, drink alcohol, are stressed, their diet and amount of physical activity all contribute on their health statuses, and can be especially related to cardiovascular diseases or diabetes (Nocon & Owen, 2006). Nevertheless, these risk factors can all be addressed and
" Health and Wellness: Illness among Americans, 2010 ed. , Gale, 2010. Information Plus Reference Series. Opposing Viewpoints in Context, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/EJ2220003159/OVIC?u=morenetsv&xid=dd97d05e.
Good health takes a lifetime to accomplish. It’s more than just eating right and exercising. It’s also about your mental state as well. Your mental state is a key aspect to live a lifetime of good health because if you want to change something about you; you have to be able to deal with it mentally; you have to know you have a problem to fix it and want to fix it. Those stages are the transtheoretical model.
Therefore, a comprehensive psychological assessment is a prerequisite for CBT and other interventions (Please refer to chapter “Psychological Assessment of Patients with Chronic Pain”). Before starting the therapy clinician should have understanding of the
When exploring what is health, it looks at the idea of an individual being free from illness or injuries (World Health Organization 1948). WHO further explains that it is the state of complete: physical, mental, and social well-being and not the absence of disease or infirmity (health context, 2018) In 1986 during Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion, WHO said health is a resource for everyday life, not the objective of living, also is a positive concept emphasizing social, personal resources, and physical capacities. There are different aspects that contribute and impact a person’s health such as their: family and friends, education or job, body, spirit and mind, and all these need to balance to ensure good health (health context, 2018).