Hypothesis: Increasing substrate concentration will increase the initial reaction rate until it stops increasing and flattens out. Independent Variable: Substrate concentration Dependent Variable: The substrate itself, 1.0% Hydrogen Peroxide How Dependent Variable will be Measured: Hydrogen Peroxide will be used in every experiment, just with different test tubes. The amount of Hydrogen Peroxide in the mixing table is the amount that will be added to each test tube. Rationale: Enzymes are used to make reactions faster. When there is more substrate the enzyme will be forced to work harder to get rid of it faster. The problem is that eventually the enzyme hits a threshold where it becomes so saturated with substrate that it can’t go any faster,
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Show MoreK.D.A. Saboia et al. , (2007) have been prepared the Bi4Ti3O12–CaCu3Ti4O12 {[BIT(X)–CCTO(100-X)]} composite powders through solid state reaction method and calcined in the range of 900 to 1020 ºC for 12 h. The as-prepared powders have modified in the form of thick film onto alumina ceramic substrate by utilizing screen printing. At 100 Hz, the value of dielectric constant (κ) of CCTO100 and BIT100 is 316.61 and 53.64 respectively. Conversely, the composite with X=20 % shows an unexpected dielectric constant of 409.71, which is around 20% higher in comparison with the CCTO.
First one is the independent variable which was Magnesium chloride (Mgcl2) that we would be changing. The dependent variable was the speed of the Paramecium and to see how Magnesium chloride will change it. We had two treatment levels they were our control group without Magnesium chloride and experimental group with Magnesium chloride. Our experiment was replicated twenty times. In our control group sample size, we added drop of Paramecium on 217 ml dryl’s solution.
purpose the propose of this experiment was too see if the chemical reaction of a enzyme can be made faster. Hypothesis I think that a warm environment would be best to make an enzyme’s reaction faster. because a protein can move faster in heat.
It was hypothesized that the optimal pH for the enzyme was pH 7 while the 1.0 ml peroxidase would have the best reaction rate. At the end of the experiment the results prove the hypothesis to be incorrect. INTRODUCTION Enzymes are proteins that allow a reaction to speed up. These proteins are made up of monomers known as amino acids.
As a result of the pGlo gene being inserted into the nonpathogenic substance of E.Coli, this experiment is testing whether or not E.Coli will grow and be bioluminescent. The independent variable in this experiment would be the E.Coli because it is either going to reproduce or not reproduce. Also, the pGlo gene is an independent variable because as a result the E.Coli is either going to be glowing or not glowing. The dependent variable would be the number of bacterial growth with the 12-18 hour time
As with all proteins, the enzyme has a 3D shape that is effected by the enzymes environment in many ways. Temperature is one of the major factors in an enzymes environment, when it is in its most suited environment it will function at its full potential. Changing that environment
Abstract This experiment showed that temperature, concentration and pH all affect the rate of enzyme reaction differently. Enzymes are very important in organisms and therefore understanding how and why they work the way they do in specific conditions is crucial. The results showed that an increase in temperature would also increase the reaction rate, until a temperature that was too high, where the enzymes began to denature and therefore the rate of reaction was slowed down. As concentration was increased, the reaction rate continued to increase.
LABORATORY REPORT Activity: Enzyme Activity Name: Natalie Banc Instructor: Elizabeth Kraske Date: 09.26.2016 Predictions 1. Sucrase will have the greatest activity at pH 6 2. Sucrase will have the greatest activity at 50 °C (122 °F) 3.
For this lab the objective is to see how the properties of individual substances compare with properties of mixed substances. For this lab the research questions is mixture, homogenous mixture, and heterogeneous mixture. A mixture is a combination of 2 or more substances that are mixed together physically but not combined chemically. Also a homogeneous mixture is a uniform in structure or composition throughout the substance. Lastly, a heterogeneous mixture is a consisting of dissimilar parts of elements (not the same).
The three things that can cause the enzyme to denature is a large change in pH level, High Temperature, and substrate concentration. According to our knowledge, we know that a large change in pH will cause instability in the protein structure thus resulting in denaturation of the enzyme. From the data, we can see that pH 3 (total:6.3) and 10 (total:6.2) were the slowest because pH 3 is probably the highest acid and pH 10 is the highest base. The highest acid or base pH represents a large change which would cause the enzyme to denature. The fastest pH was 6 (total:34.5), and it seems that there wasn’t a large change which resulted in a stable structure.
These enzymes have a secondary and tertiary structure and this could be affected by increases and decreases in temperature beyond the optimum temperature of the enzyme to work in. Mostly enzymes are highly affected any changes in temperature beyond the enzymes optimum. There are too
ABSTRACT: The purpose of the experiments for week 5 and week 6 support each other in the further understanding of enzyme reactions. During week 5, the effects of a substrate and enzyme concentration on enzyme reaction rate was observed. Week 6, the effects of temperature and inhibitor on a reaction rate were monitored. For testing the effects of concentrations, we needed to use the table that was used in week 3, Cells.
VARIABLES: There are independent variables, dependent variables, and controls. the one that is being tested and the one that is the inconsistent variable in the Independent variable like the volume and surface area of the agar cubes. The variable that is kept consistent is the dependent variable such as the percentage of diffusion of pigment in the agar cubes. The constant variable is the features of the experiment that is kept the same throughout the entire experiment such as, the amount of time the agar cubes are left in the beaker and the amount of acid in the beaker.
Enzymes speed up chemical reactions enabling more products to be formed within a shorter span of time. Enzymes are fragile and easily disrupted by heat or other mild treatment. Studying the effect of temperature and substrate concentration on enzyme concentration allows better understanding of optimum conditions which enzymes can function. An example of an enzyme catalyzed reaction is enzymatic hydrolysis of an artificial substrate, o-Nitrophenylgalactoside (ONPG) used in place of lactose. Upon hydrolysis by B-galactosidase, a yellow colored compound o-Nitrophenol (ONP) is formed.
Critical Micelle Concentration The CMC (Critical Micelle Concentration) is the amount of a surfactant molecule in a bulk stage, beyond which aggregates of surface active agents, so-called micelles. The CMC is a significant distinctive property of surfactants for its application. Generally molecules have two different constituents with differing attraction for the solutes. The component of the molecule that has an empathy for polar solutes, like water, is assumed to be hydrophilic.