Sugarcane Literature Review

2. LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1. Botanical description and Distribution of sugar cane

Botanically description of sugar cane plant is a grass that belongs to the family poaceae, class magnoliopsida and division tracheophyta. All varieties of Sugarcane are hybrids of genus Saccharum (Gramineae; Andrpogoneae) (Baksha et al, .2002)23 Sugarcane is a tall perennial tropical grass (C4 plant) that tillers at the base to produce un branched stems, 3-4 m or more tall and about 5 cm in diameter (Singh, 2003).The basic structure of the sugarcane is closely related to that of other members of the order Gramineae, of which it is agiant member.

It have high photosynthesis rate and is a plant with high self-tolerance in environmental conditions.

It also the most important crop for changing of solar energy into other organic substance, such as sugars, and many other forms of renewable energy. Most peoples use this crop due to presence of sweetness in their stem (Jalaja, 2008). recently , the sugarcane plant has a multipurpose crop that is used produce different products such as paper, ethanol and other alcohol derived chemicals, animal feed, antibiotics, particle board, bio-fertilizer and raw material for generating electricity (Jalaja, 2008). Considering the importance of advanced technologies for sugarcane production is mandatory to obtain the extended benefits tapped from the

Conventional propagation of sugarcane is suffered by different disease and it takes long time. That is why it causes a major blockage in commercial propagation and breeding programs (Siddiqui, et al., 1994). Snyman et al., (2006)studies tissue culture tequniques is important because it can be increases the propagation potential by 20-35 times it estimated that about 100, 000 plants are produced from a single shoot or bud in short period of time (4month up to 5month) through micro propagation (George et al.,