Summary Bonnie Bassler

Introduction As we all know, bacteria is a very complex organism and the subject can be very broad. In this essay, the focus will be on bacteria and the bacterial cell structure. Different forms of bacteria, its pros and cons, the cell structure, diseases and resistance will be explained and listed. First bacteria and cell structure is explained, and then moving on to different bacterial forms and diseases, and how diseases can be prevented or even cured. Then finishing the essay will be the conclusion.

That work belonged to the scientist known as Rosalind Franklin. She is the unsung hero of DNA. You might not know that name but you should. She deserves credit and that is what I will do in this book. The discovery of DNA might not sound like much but it has been one of the most important discoveries in science today.

TCBS agar was prepared for about 100ml and poured into petri plates, after solidifying, pure colonies of bioluminescent bacteria was streaked. The petri plates were observed after 24 hours. If there is presence of yellow color colonies, it is concluded as Vibrio spp. 3.12.4 Species Verification by Sub-culturing at 4°C using SWC agar media The pure culture of Bioluminescent bacteria was streaked on the agar media and refrigerate at 4°C. The Photobacterium phosphoreum will exhibit slow growth at

For example Skloot in the prologue writes, “In culture, cancer cells can go on dividing indefinitely, if they have a continual supply of nutrients, and thus are said to be “immortal.” A striking example is a cell line that has been reproducing in culture since 1951.” (Skloot 5) As a writer she chooses to do so to give the audience a better comprehension to little details; she educates the readers before elaborating further into the subject. In one of the chapters Skloot easily explains cell life, cell division, and how cells are cultured using logos in a manner that anyone and everyone would effortlessly comprehend. Couple examples of logos was when Skloot’s mentions, “According to Howard Jones and other gynecologic oncologists I talked with, the correct diagnosis wouldn’t have changed the way Henrietta’s cancer was treated”(Skloot 172) and “In 1928 a German virologist named Harald zur Hausen discovered a new strain of a sexually transmitted virus called Human Papilloma Virus 18 (HPV-18).'' (Skloot 212) She uses reliable sources and discreetly informs the reader that she isn’t saying things out of thin air but instead she uses proper sources to validate her points in her novel. She uses logos by discussing scientific information and explanations, as well as the degree of Henrietta’s impact on

They break down dead biological matter and waste products and convert them into useable energy; returning important materials to the environment. Decomposers are a particular important feature in the Great Barrier Reef considering the heavy bio-load. Main decomposers inside the reef include bacteria, sea cucumbers, some species of snails, crabs and bristle worms. Bacteria sis not only vital for the Great Barrier Reef’s food web, but is also said by scientists that it could be the key to keeping the coral healthy and able to withstand the impacts of global warming. Dr Tracy Ainsworth stated “it is very likely that these microorganisms play a vital role in the capacity of coral to recovering from bouts of bleaching caused by rising temperatures.” Corals rely on these good bacteria’s crucially although we don’t yet understand these microbe’s ell enough to know how they influence coral survival, which is vital in maintaining the food web of the Great Barrier Reef.

In the end of “Metaphor in Scientific Discourse”, Richard Johnson-Sheehan shared his personal thought on metaphor in science. He said, “My hope is that more metaphorical analyses would help us study how various metaphors work in various contexts, eventually allowing us to draw some informed conclusions that are based on the commonalties we observe among these metaphors” (Johnson-Sheehan, 178). This hope is still going on to this day by many curious people, everyday humans need advancement in medical, life, technologies, and this can happen with a start of metaphor to improve the life span. Darwin is one of the person to first talk about evolution and this theory described as descent with modification in life. His metaphors made it to understand growth and is still scientists go back to his theory to process more understanding that are left to discover.

Sythetically made drugs in the lab: By extracting the active site ingredient from a plant, replicating it’s structure in the lab and mass producing it, more and more drugs can be developed and produced at a faster pace. The active ingredient in a drug is the main ingredient that is used in medication to kill pain. Pharmaceutical proteins are fast growing drugs for the treatment of disease. New and growing technologies are making proteins easier to produce. Drugs produced in labs can have dosage forms changed quickly i.e.

Counting the bacteria means determining the number of bacteria in a specific sample. There are many ways that we can use to count the microorganisms, one of which is the plate count. The plate count technique is used to count only the living bacteria by counting the number of colonies.Due to the large number of bacteria, and to be able to count it, the bacteria should be diluted several times and spread on an agar plate. In this way, colonies can be counted. These colonies are called colony forming unit (CFU).

For instant, when comparing two unicellular organisms, such as yeast and bacteria, S. cerevisiae shown to have a much slower proliferation rate (100 minutes per generation) as compared to E. coli, which proliferation rate is 15 - 20 min per generation (Herskowitz, 1988). In addition, the proliferation rate and doubling time would increase proportionally as the size of an organism increases. Nevertheless, there are many other factors that would influence the proliferation rate of a cell, including the chemical composition of a media, environment, water sources and water availability, carbon sources, nutrient sufficiency, pH and et

This serum is applied to the face twice a day and it uses marine and botanically derive enzymes to produce skin's natural DNA-repair mechanism. When DNA is minimized the skin will become smooth and firm. That is because DNA is the master control over all cellular functions and it will direct skin cell regeneration. It DNA is left untreated that will open the door to code of cells, causing them to lose their ability to function and paves a path for fine lines, brown spots, and possibly skin cancer. So what happened to the enzymes that our skin has to rebuild itself?

Looking back to when I was studying GCSE’s I remember fondly my science classes and recall my enthusiasm to participate and absorb the knowledge being taught by my teachers. These classes exposed me to a lot of different and amazing topics, Homeostasis being one of them which held my attention and curiosity completely. This process intrigued me due to the biological reactions that are linked between every organ, tissues and cells of our body which keep us alive. Studying Biomedical Sciences would teach me a vast array of different topics like Anatomy, Cellular Biology and Pharmacology which would give me a further understanding on the functions of life. Studying Biology at A- level has answered only a few of my queries about the human body and has improved my analytical skills.

A-level biology has honed my analytical skills and it allowed me to learn new and advanced concepts about biology, such as the intricate nature of respiration involving cells and various molecules and enzymes. Studying A-level chemistry has refined my logical competence and introduced me to the concept of the dynamic equilibrium, which help stabilize our body 's environment. While A-level psychology has developed my debating and application skills for example applying research and studies to particular theories. I 'm also undertaking an EPQ, which is about Malaria and what is the biggest factor that contributes to its varying mortality rate. Doing this project has helped me improve my independent research and gathering of complex data on both primary and secondary source.

My hypothesis for this research project is that the longer the sugary material stays on teeth, the greater the growth of bacteria is in the mouth. To test my hypothesis, I designed and ran an experiment using sucrose to test for the bacterial growth in the mouth. To do this experiment blood agar plates, sterile forceps, mouth wash, candy, and swab sticks were used in this experiment. I used blood agar plates because “blood agar is an enriched medium that supports the growth of fastidious microbes, because many pathogen including S.Mutan have special dietary needs. Blood agar contains extra nutrients such as whole blood, blood serum, certain vitamins, sugar and amino acid as mentioned in Medical microbiology lab manual written by our own faculty member