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Summary: Crusading Warfare

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In the article, “Crusading Warfare and its Adaptation to Eastern Conditions in the Twelfth Century”. John France argues that, in the holy land, the Europeans modified their style of warfare considerably. Due to our overestimation of the role of cavalry, and a failure to appreciate how it was used in Europe, we have misunderstood much about warfare in Europe. (France, 49) France examines how cavalry, infantry and fortifications were used in the Western, Middle Eastern and Frankish styles of warfare, and why it was necessary to modify their approaches regarding battle. The general public’s perceptions regarding medieval warfare are skewed by factually inaccurate depictions in films, books and video games. (Burkholder, 507) Burkholder believes

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