Book Paper: 37 Words
I had the opportunity to read the book “37 Words: Title IX and Fifty Years of Fighting Sex Discrimination,” by Sherry Boschert. In this book, Boschert presents the story of women working in higher education in the 1960s and fighting for gender equity. These women realized that their frustrating experiences at work were not isolated incidents but rather part of a larger system of discrimination against women. Their activism led to the passing of Title IX in 1972, which prohibited discrimination on the basis of gender in all schools receiving federal funding. This law transformed the landscape of education and opportunities in athletics and academics (Boschert Congress 1970-172).
The story of the women who worked in high
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Prior to Title IX, women’s sports were largely ignored and underfunded, with limited opportunities for participation and scholarships. The law mandated equal opportunities for women in sports, leading to the growth of women’s athletics and also a significant increase in female participation in sports.
In college, the implementation of Title IX was monitored by the Office for Civil Rights (OCR), which ensured that schools followed the law by examining the number of scholarships, participation, opportunities, and resources allocated to women (Boschert 90). This led to an increase in the number of women’s teams, athletic scholarships, and facilities that provide equal opportunities for both
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One experience from personal experiences also illustrates the changes in how Title IX has affected sports. The first story takes place at Stanford University, a school with an athletic program that has been at the forefront of gender equity in sports. Boschert describes how the school’s Title IX, coordinator, Katie Martens, works tirelessly to ensure compliance with the law. Martens monitors the athletic department’s budget, ensure equal treatment of male and female athletes, and investigates complaints of discrimination. Her efforts have paid off, with the school receiving high marks for compliance with Title IX. (ADD
When one considers how sports like basketball and football soak up a majority of a college budget for men’s sports and how women’s sports would function without Title IX, it is clear that Title IX does not negatively impact men’s sports and is necessary for colleges to adhere by. In contrast, Title IX has done the opposite of it’s intention, and is leading to discrimination and elimination of men’s athletic teams as suggested in “Title IX Under Fire As Colleges Cut Teams” by Jean Marbella and Carrie Wells. As a result, Title IX has lead to an unfair cut of men’s teams as many women do not participate proportionally with their population
Some argue that furthering options for female athletics would starve already successful men’s programs. This is, unfortunately, true to some extent. George F. Will writes in his article “A Train Wreck Called Title Ix” on the Newsweek website that colleges terminated over 400 men 's athletic teams to produce precise proportionality between the genders enrollments and participation in athletics. Although growing women’s athletics did cause some shortage in funding for men it is illogical to deny rights to one people group for the sake of having excess in another group. Female athletic programs were easy to blame for terminating some men’s programs, but if the funding were split more evenly between minor and major sports those programs might have
In addition to instructing students and publishing academic work, she provides Title IX representation and serves as a Title IX auditor for the Division I State University Athletic Department and various Texas A&M coaches. Mary Margaret Penrose previously served as a professor of law with the University of Oklahoma, where she served as a cooperating attorney with the National Title IX Organization of the Women’s Sports Foundation and provided pro bono legal representation to high school lacrosse team members. She also provided pro bono representation for multiple Title IX cases while an attorney in private practice in Dallas,
In the article titled Face-off on the playing field By, Judith B. Stamper explains girls have their own story of support or discrimination, success also the debate of girls be allowed to compete on boys’ sports team. First, the writer Title IX explains female athletes are been treated second-class for long enough and should pass of inequalities and biases of girls. The writer also clarifies that girls doing sports make them healthier, physically, and emotionally. Other girls that don’t play sports are less likely to use of drugs. In addition, she notes a former Stanford University basketball player Mariah says, strength and independence of things girls learn from sports, the opportunities that are changing women.
First of all, some argues that the tittle IX grants equal sporting opportunities for both male and female students; however, the inequality or unfair treatment for female athletic student still exists. At every high school or college, young female athletics are still facing with the discrimination on the playing field. Women and girls just receive only 42 percent of the opportunities to play sports in high school and college even though female were half of total students.
Sherry Boschert's book "37 Words: Title IX and Fifty Years of Fighting Sex Discrimination" is an account of how women in higher education campaigned for and succeeded in getting Title IX passed, its implementation, and how it has effect gender inequality. The book provides a complete history of how feminists in the 60s’ and 70’s came together, fought for their rights, and got Title IX through legislation. Title IX is a significant turning point in gender equity in education as it ensures that women and girls have equal opportunities to participate in sports and other educational activities. However, even though Title IX was passed by President Nixon in 1972 and it has positively impacted millions of girls and women, gender inequality in education
Democratic Women's Caucus. Democratic Women's Caucus, Web. 14 Dec. xxxx2015. Andrews, Carrolyn, and Lenore Garcia. "Women's Educational Equity." Archived:.
Title IX has had significant effects on women's sports and education. Originally, women were allowed to be on intermural teams and play on play days or sport days with various females on their team because no team roster was dictated. Through this opportunity, women were given a taste of competition and what they could be doing. DGWS was formed to promote female sports, train referees for women's sports, hold clinics for coaches, and dictate rules of the game for female sports. At this time, the focus of women's sports was about having fun and enjoying the sport, not about competing.
Last summer, I was afforded the opportunity to take a three-day class on Title IX in Intercollegiate Athletics hosted by a former employee of the Office of Civil Rights, Ms. Valerie Bonnette. The class opened my eyes to the basic fundamentals of Title IX, key issues on college campuses and what I could do to make an immediate impact on the campus of Hampton University. The class broke down the understanding of the three prong test and with the recent additions of Women’s Soccer and Men’s Lacrosse. In addition to understanding Title IX’s effects on scholarships, budget, facilities and most importantly female student-athletes.
The Department of Health, Education, and Welfare issued the initial interpretation of Title IX’s application into intercollegiate athletics. The (HEW), now referred to as Health and Human Services (HHS) faced a decline in 1975 due to institutional compliance issues. These regulations were felt by many universities across the United States and was criticized as “inadequate and vague”. However, Title IX was passed in 1972, the seriousness with certain institutions considered this law while planning their athletic programs has dramatically changed over time with a variety of different court rulings and legislation.
Title IX reads. “no person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance” (U.S. Department of Education). As understood in the world of college sports, Title IX requires equal participation opportunity for male and female athletes in proportion to overall campus population and interest. Schools do not have to spend the exact same amount of money on men’s and women’s sports (Hruby). They already sign coaches to drastically different contracts, so there is no reason that Title IX should withhold athletes from receiving just compensation.
In effect to conventional educational institutions such as universities, colleges, and secondary and elementary schools, Title IX correspondingly applies to any training program or education operated by a beneficiary of federal financial assistance. Various people have still never heard of Title IX even though it was passed in 1972, and it hold a major effect in our education system. Furthermost of the people who know/heard about Title IX believe that it only applies to sports, but the athletic equality is only 1 of the 10 main areas that is addressed by the law. The areas included are as followed: “Access to Higher Education, Career Education, Education for Pregnant and Parenting Students, Employment, Learning Environment, Math and Science, Sexual Harassment, Standardized Testing and Technology (http://www.titleix.info/).” Though Title IX is a short ruling, the Supreme Court conclusions and direction from the United States Department of Education, have provided a wide space covering sexual violence and sexual harassment.
Title nine requires athletic programs to be equivalent to enrollment. The number of sports programs for each sex should reflect the ratio of students enrolled in the school. With more women attending college the need for more sports programs has grown dramatically. I don’t want to get in a political discussion about schools who have cut men’s programs so I will only speak on schools who have added women’s programs. This opportunity has not only improved
Title IX is a great law that help women get the same rights in education as men. Title IX has been active for over forty years and has been helping women achieve equality. Title IX is a law that stops sex discrimination and helps break down the barriers that women once had difficulty getting passed. This essay will be showing how Title IX is fair to men and women. This essay will show how Title IX is fair and show the claims on Title IX.
If society stops to understand the struggles these women have been facing for decades will have a clearer picture of what steps to take in order to make a change in the sports industry. Men need to put their masculinity aside and advocate giving women a voice. The purpose of this paper is to explore the issues women in the sport world have faced through history, wage gaps, current issues today, and to discuss findings and recommendations for future research. Title IX is a law that came into effect in 1972, this comprehensive federal law prohibited discrimination on the basis of sex in any federally funded education program or activity.