Summary Of American Apartheid: Residential Segregation

Miami is a city of immigrants. Hispanics, Cubans in specific, now dominate nearly all sectors of the municipality: economically, culturally, and politically. Alongside Whites, Hispanics segregate themselves from other races, particularly Blacks. This paper will analyze the constructs, such as social capital, that attribute to Cubans’ successful creation of the enclave and will compare such experience with other racial groups.

In the early 1890’s the Supreme Court ruled that segregation was legal. This means that blacks and whites used different restaurants, hotels theatres, and hotels. Blacks were considered inferior to white people and got less money from the government. The black schools and hospitals were considerably subpar to the white public places. Jim Crows laws in the South allowed this type of segregation and inequity to occur.

IT FOLLOWS THAT with education, this Court has made segregation and inequality equivalent concepts. They have equal rating, equal footing, and if segregation thus necessarily imports inequality, it makes no great difference whether we say that the Negro is wronged because he is segregated, or that he is wronged because he received unequal treatment...

For decades we have have been taught the meaning of segregation. Segregation between African Americans and whites was a huge act of inhumanity in the 1800’s. It was preposterous for humans to treat others in an unfairly manner all because of their skin color. In the very beginning of segregation between the blacks and whites, it was crucial on how white people detained African Americans as slaves and sold them like property they were forced into a life of mistreatment and no freedom. They were sent to America through slave trade by the Europeans capturing them. Slavery was found in the rural areas of the South. African Americans had to live in a repulsive cabin with very little to eat and spend all day long working in the plantation while the hot, bright sun beaming on them. With all of this happening,

The 1950s were a period often associated with conformity, when men and women discerned firm gender roles and followed society’s expectations. Racial segregation was still a present factor in society and the Civil Rights Movement began wholeheartedly. In 1954, the Brown v. Board of Education ruling by the Supreme Court opened the opportunity of the rights for all Americans to have an equal education regardless of race or religion. Prominent figures such as Malcolm X and Martin Luther King, Jr. questioned those who were against equal rights for black Americans. During this time, African Americans fought for equality in employment, education and housing which acted as a catalyst for future change. In Patrice Gaines’s memoir, Laughing in the Dark,

In Merriam Webster Online Dictionary, the word segregation means a “cause or force the separation of (as from the rest of society).” American society has for decades segregated African-Americans from their White counterparts. Even today, with equal rights for all, many people of color feel segregated in their daily lives. However, today’s segregation does not compare to the 1930’s America. For instance, the laws in the 1930’s made African-Americans feel the weight of segregation in their daily lives and education.

On a normal scale, measuring the association between two subjects, one would assume gentrification and school segregation are not related in any sense. In fact, most would argue that school segregation ended in 1954 with the Brown v. Board of Education. This assumption would be incorrect. Deep within the American society lies a new kind of segregation that is neither talked about nor dealt with. Segregation is a result of gentrification—the buying and renovation of houses in deteriorated neighborhoods by upper-income families or individuals—thus, improving property values but often displacing low-income families. It is this displacement that causes segregation in cities like Cleveland, Ohio and Tuscaloosa, Alabama. However, if the meaning of gentrification is changed, and people work towards making sure the upper-income families and the underprivileged are able to live together in the same community, segregation would subside.

The contemporary distinctive patterns of segregation and poverty in the United States often relate back to the issue of race. Scholars have looked at the institutional forces that shape differential life outcomes of American racial minorities, particularly African Americans, to explain such patterns. Massey and Denton explore racial residential segregation in the United States throughout the 20th century. They argue that the making and concentration of the (African American) underclass in inner cities resulted from institutional and interpersonal racism in the housing market that perpetuates already existing racial segregation. Amanda Lewis and colleagues adds more insight to Massey and Denton’s investigation with their comprehensive overview

Society is a whole lot different than it was sixty years ago, but there are still things that haven’t been fixed in today’s lifestyle. De facto segregation is still at large today De facto segregation is when a person or family chooses to move to a segregated area. They are practically forced out of their former town because they usually can’t afford bills and taxes and move to a town with lower bills. De jure segregation is the type of segregation that happened sixty years ago when blacks had to use different facilities and were limited to different jobs. African Americans are the number one race that is usually featured in the lower income class, segregated education and poor housing. Poverty is the new segregation because of poor housing, jobs and segregated

“Overall, the percentage of black residents in Kansas City — which rose from 17.5 percent in 1960 to 31 percent in 2000 — has now dropped to 29 percent” (As Whites Flock to Kansas City, Blacks Pick the Suburbs 1). Segregation in Kansas City has been a problem for decades. One of the biggest problems in the 1940’s-1960’s is segregation in neighborhoods. This is one of the biggest concerns because it concerns where people eat, go to school, go to work, and many other aspects of their lives. African Americans were forced to live east of Paseo and all white people lived to the west of it. “ Many African-Americans worked and lived in the West Bottoms, but the second industrial revolution

The idea of equality for all people, regardless of their race, is instilled in the American society of today. Unfortunately, this idea has not always been present, which ultimately has caused many issues for America’s society in the past. As discussed in the book Our Town: Race, Housing, and the Soul of Suburbia, David L. Kirp focuses on the inequality that was found between the low-income blacks and the middle class whites in a South Jersey town, Mount Laurel. At the time, the whites had a goal of running the blacks out of the town by making the costs of housing expensive enough where blacks could not afford it. This lead to unequal treatment for the blacks who lived in Mount Laurel compared to the whites when it came to housing opportunities.

When the government and private banks failed, racial violence began when mobs destroyed black family homes and beat them up on streets. Eventually, black people fled their neighborhood, and made Chicago become the “Second Ghetto”. In the article, Coates talks about the story of Clyde Ross, a black man who fled worsening conditions in Mississippi to find jobs in Chicago. As many Americans dreamed of owning a home, Ross worked hard in order to earn money and support his family. However, the only way for black people to own a house in Chicago in the mid-twentieth century was to buy a house from predatory contract sellers, who charged huge rates with few legal protections for buyers. As a result, Ross had to find one more job to pay for the house. Not only Ross, but also Mattie Lewis, Ross’s neighbor, who also faced a similar situation of housing inequality. From the story of Ross and Lewis, Coates claims that the homebuyers of black people are getting ripped off, but they have to accept it, and the only way for black people to get a home is to get robbed by white

In Sharkey's text, he explains how after World War 2, "...the flow of African Americans into the northeastern and midwestern continued, resulting in urban blacks living in overcrowded, slum conditions within the rigid boundaries of the ghetto" (61). This is very similar to what Eisenbrey was trying to get at in the video when he was explaining how the neighborhoods in the inner cities would become primarily black neighborhoods after the white people had

In the fall of 1941, many Jews in Germany occupied countries of Austria and Czechoslovakia were deported to Poland.(book) They were forced to live in the ghettos , which were set up in a major towns there.(book) These were enclosed by walls and guarded at night.The jews were only permitted to take a few personal items with them to the ghetto, in the process being stripped of the homes and property that they had left behind.(Daily Life in Ghettos)

Residential segregation is the physical separation of two or more groups into different neighborhoods, or a form of segregation that "sorts population groups into various neighborhood contexts and shapes the living environment at the neighborhood level." African Americans are one of the many races that are affected by residential segregation. What many people do not know is that health complications are often associated with different races in regards to residential segregation. According to Wikipedia, “Despite recent trends, blacks remain the most segregated racial group. Some of the problems African Americans face from residential segregation is poorer neighborhoods, crimes filled communities, low income, and discrimination from other neighborhoods are just a few to point out. The wild thing about the entire issue is that the problems I listed have “little” sub issues and all those issues just cause more problems which lead to health issues. Many black residential areas are poor and the people inside them are more than likely struggling with lack of health insurance, medical care, education or income. In other words all those problems and issues cause for African Americans to have health issues. According to America’s wire.org, “residential segregation contributes to health disparities for people of color the most of all races”; causing us to have high blood pressure, be obese because there are more fast food restaurants than supermarkets, diabetes, cancer, heart