Summary Of Brain Vs Brawn By Mark Cotharn

According to Fred L. Pincus, there are three forms of discrimination; individual discrimination deals with an individual or individuals of one identity group and their actions intended to harm an individual or individuals of another identity group; institutional discrimination deals with the dominant identity group in power who implements policies intended to harm the minority identity group; structural discrimination deals with the dominant identity group in power who implements policies that are neutral/equal in intent, but harm the minority identity group (Pincus, F.L. (1996). Discrimination comes in many forms: individual, institutional, and structural. Retrieved from https://d2l.msu.edu). These different forms of discrimination very much

The Champion’s Mind by Jim Afremow imparts the knowledge of proven winners, in their respective sports, into your life, so that you too may accomplish set goals with proven mental exercises. In this novel, Afremow focuses on the psychological aspect of sports, singling out tested and proven techniques of strengthening the mind in order to strengthen your game, whether it be on the court, in the classroom, or in the office.

Every day over 352,000 babies are born. The second these babies enter the world, the opportunities and privileges given to them vary but are set at their birth. Privilege constantly determines opportunities whether the individual can help it or not, and it is revealed constantly throughout our country's history. In the past privilege has affected minorities lives and their opportunities in careers, freedom of speech, and much more. Unconscious biases and privileges are still very well present today but not as obvious.

In 1964, President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act into law. Therefore, this new law outlawed segregation in public accommodations of every of every kind throughout the country (Robin D. G. Kelley, 2000, p. 236). The Civil Rights Act led to Affirmative actions in which it ensured that victims of past discrimination would have an advantage in finding jobs, job promotions, and special consideration for admission to college and universities (Mullane, 1993, p. 237). However,

Throughout many of the affirmative action legal cases, one of the main arguments from proponents is that it is necessary in order to right the wrongs of past racial discrimination. Some say that affirmative action is justified because even though white applicants may be more qualified, this is only because they did not face the same hardships as their minority counterparts (Rachels, Ethics, 1973).  Many argue if we do not integrate disadvantaged minorities into mainstream social institutions, they will continue to suffer the discrimination that has plagued our country for centuries and that this is detrimental to not only the minorities but also society as a whole (Anderson, 2002, 1270–71). However, the debate has recently shifted to the benefits of diversity in the classroom which the Supreme Court has affirmed as being a positive thing

In cultures today, discrimination is among the most critical issues, because it causes segregation and lack of acceptance of one's culture. Discrimination of any type should never be allowed and is never right. It can cause a lot of damage and can permanently alter a person's

Looking at the modern office there are many “glass ceilings” that Steele refers to not only apply to minorities but to genders in general. Some bosses may stop people from being promoted because they are intimidated by women and do not think they should be placed on the same level as themselves, even though they are equally qualified for the position. Steele also talks about how a misused privileged can turn out to be a disadvantage such as the concept of welfare, because people use it to their advantage so much that it become a crutch for the rest of their lives. Wiley addresses a more individual process of failing to meet educational standards hence; “You get ballplayers who could barely form a compound sentence to keep a dog off them.” This statement is still true to this day due to the fact that so many people get accepted on full ride sports scholarships but their academics are below par, so that if something happens that keeps them from competing in sports they can not afford to stay in college nor can they keep their grades

Within the public educational system, children interact with all sorts of people. Personally, I went to a public elementary school local to Palm Springs. Vista Del Monte or in English, "View of the Mountain" was a mostly Hispanic school. Even the name is in Spanish. I could count the number of Caucasian people in my class on one hand. Most of my friends were Hispanic. I am still friends with many of the same people I grew up with at Vista Del Monte, including Damian Garcia. One of my fondest memories at that school was the time my group of friends and I were playing tag at ASES. Damian ran down the bumpy slide and took flight only to crash, burn, and become rendered immobile. Afterward, we just laughed it off. Although I would be considered a minority at that school, I never felt inferior because of my racial identity. Although, one African American student tried to challenge me about the rules of basketball. We argued whether the offensive player could dribble the ball again after the defender touches the ball. His logical fallacy was that he knew the rules at basketball better than I did due to his racial identity. He is, however, incorrect about the rules of basketball. For some reason all the teachers at that school were Caucasian. The teachers had mediocre expectations and hardly pushed the students for success. This is very different from Palm Springs High School where the teachers help to push students to

Discrimination can affect anyone, though usually, it targets those of color and women, there are cases when those discriminated, are white males, such as Arthur (Boo) Radley. Despite being a white man,

First of all, some argues that the tittle IX grants equal sporting opportunities for both male and female students; however, the inequality or unfair treatment for female athletic student still exists. At every high school or college, young female athletics are still facing with the discrimination on the playing field. Women and girls just receive only 42 percent of the opportunities to play sports in high school and college even though female were half of total students.

Equality for all. Do the majority of coaches and parents really want equality for all athletes? The answer to this question is, surprisingly, under discrepancy. Title IX, a federal law that prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in any federally funded educational activity and or program, is starting to be thought of as “over the top.” Title IX faces controversy as some think that it takes away from male sports. However, the main purpose is to stop using federal money to support sex discrimination in programs. Title IX still exists to open up opportunities for women, offering equality for all people, and to advance women in professional sports while preparing them for the world.

Board including the future of African-Americans that struggle for equal learning opportunities. The Brown decision had sparked a worthwhile struggle to desegregate public schools and created attempts to make college education more accessible to larger numbers of disadvantaged minorities. This would allow minorities to learn and be taught in safe environments. Also to work and support their own families. Even though desegregation is not such a big problem as it was at the time the case was issued, the education of African-Americans is. A large number of legal arguments in Alabama have stated that a high number of African-American students were placed in special education programs, created supposedly just for physically and mentally challenged students with special needs. Another unintended effect made by the Brown decision was on that of higher education. Plans were created to ensure that education among minorities was equal. But those plans have deteriorated the quality of admission standards that are so critical to education equality. The federal guidelines had sought out the increase of minority enrollment, but instead have resulted in the establishment of a quota system. This particular quota system would disable student compatibility, increase grade inflation, and destroy the integrity of higher education itself. The best alternative would be to have a colorblind system created by based solely on enterprise and merit. Affirmative action programs state the of poverty as a main factor individual's educational progress. Thus occurring, students coming from financially stable backgrounds are more likely to have a thought in admission acceptance. Brown v. Board of Education engraved its way for significant opportunities in our society for both non-colored people and minorities by pursuing

In Neil H. Petrie essay, which was published in the Chronicle of Higher Education, Neil H. Petrie argues that colleges have a hypocritical attitude towards student athletes. After reading and gathering all the evidence from the essay I'm more incline to agree with Neil H. Petrie for the evidence he proposes is to constrain to ignore. Neil H. Petrie’s evidence for these arguments come not from boring old statistics but from fist hand experience witch makes the arguments much more compelling. One can see Neil H. Petrie addresses these arguments towards four main focus groups are the student athletes, the teachers, the coaches and the school system itself.Neil H. Petrie proposes that student athletes are being used for a means to an end and can simply be replaced at a moments notice leaving

For example, in Kindred, the whites abuse the blacks, both physically and mentally, because they have a higher social standing and believe they have power over the blacks. Likewise, the monks trick the warriors into helping them because the monks have a higher social standing and believe they have power over the warriors. Both of these examples enforce the discrimination among the different classes and

Summary: As the title already says this article is about rethinking positive discrimination. It is a very useful article which provides counter arguments to four main criticisms of positive discrimination, which are: 1) Failure to select the “best” candidate; 2) The undermining of meritocracy; 3) The negative impact on the beneficiaries; 4) Injustice of reverse discrimination. This article starts with the analogy of the “shackled runner” given by the US President Lyndon Johnson who introduced affirmative action legislation in 1965 aimed to redress discrimination towards