Summary Of The Median Isn T The Message By Steven Jay Gould

Robert Reich starts off his article by stating the idea that income inequality is necessary for an economy to function at is fullest because people need incentive to work hard and make it to the top. Once he gets into the section about what we need to do to fix this growing problem of the wealth gap he states that there is not any one thing that we can do to fix it rather there need to be multiple things to happen to fix it. The first way Reich says we can fix the economy for a smaller wealth gap is to raise the minimum wage to about 15 dollars an hours in industries that are growing very fast like fast-food and hospitals. These industries are making large amounts of money but they are paying their workers very little. His next step is to get

Author John M. Barry, in The Great Influenza, claims that scientists must embrace uncertainty and doubt their ideas in order to be successful in their research. To support his claim, he first states that “uncertainty creates weakness”, then lists the traits required by scientists (including curiosity and creativity), and finally explains that experiments must be made to work by the investigator. The purpose of this is to further support his claim in order to encourage readers to embrace uncertainty because certainty creates something to lean on, while uncertainty forces one to manipulate experiments to produce answers. Barry adopts a formal tone to appeal to a worldwide audience, specifically those interested in scientific research, by using

Inequality has been a major problem all over the world. Not just with race or gender, but now ones' income puts them aside from others. and they are catorgarized. Gary S. Becker, a Noble laurete in economics, and Kevin M. Murphy, a professor at the University of Chicago and a recipient of a 2005 MacCrthur "genius" fellowship, believe that a higher education equals higher income. Paul Krugmam, a teacher of economics at Princeton and the city University of New York, uses people who have had an impact on America. They all make decent points towards income inequality, and inequality as a whole. Becker and Murphy believe that if a higher education will give you a higher income, although education after high school is expensive, the returns are worth it. Even though statistics prove that Becker and Murphy's theory is correct, Krugman believes that the living standards are important and shouldne be jepordized, because of an education.

Merle Mishel (1988), a middle-ranged theorist is known for her research for uncertainty and its management for chronic and life-threatening illnesses. Merriam-Webster (2011) defines uncertainty as; something not being certain; a state or quality of being uncertain: doubt. Mishel (1988) has an uncertainty in illness theory and defined uncertainty as not having the ability to distinguish the meaning associated with illness-related events occurring when the decision maker is unable to assign definite value to objects or events, or is unable to predict outcomes accurately (Mishel, 1988).

In the passage from The Great Influenza, John M. Barry uses rhetorical strategies like: antithetical ideas, extended metaphors, and diction to characterize scientific research.

In a passage from The Great Influenza, author John M. Barry writes about what it is like to be a scientist. He describes scientists as pioneers and uses that to get across his idea. The author states that being a scientist is brave and uses metaphor, the motif of an explorer, and logos to prove his point.

In the first article (“Don't Lower the Bar”), Pitts uses a comparison between the different goals for white and black students in Florida corresponding with their math grade levels. Pitts states how “Florida set a goal of having 86% of white kids at or above grade level in math by 2018. For black kids, the goal is 74%”. When Pitts uses these stats, he is putting how much the education bar is lowered for black students in perspective by comparing the percent of students that should be at or above their grade level math. In the second article (“Torture might work but that's not the issue”), Pitts includes a stat about drunk drivers, “ ...drunk drivers kill almost 10,000 people a year”. Pitts uses this stat shows the severity of the situation. In the third article (“Naikas Death was a spectator sport”), Pitts uses this stat; “one of her 4,500 facebook friends,only one of her friends tried to help her.” This stat puts Pitts claim into perspective in how people can just stand by a watch something bad happen. ADD CLOSING

In the movie, Inequality for All, there are a lot of important facts and research about our American economy that has not been helpful for the middle class. It has been beneficial for the upper class on many different levels but it hurts the heart and soul of the American workforce which is again the middle class. Without the middle class there would be no upper class, the middle class is very essential to the American economy flowing smoothly. In this film, former United States secretary of labor Robert Reich travels across America looking for answers to what happened to our economy. Reich explains what America has been and become over the last one hundred years. “By the look of it, it does not look too promising for my generation to run”.

Society most of the time recognized exceptional individuals, whose performance in sports, science, arts, politics is vastly superior to that of the rest of the population. Speculations On the cause of these individuals’ extraordinary abilities and performance are as old as the first records of their accomplishments. Such as the influence of the ecology of the bodies, or the incidence of the stars and planets the day of the birth, or special gifts. As the humanity evolution all these theories loose acceptation. Others believed that the illustriousness of these individuals is inherited. Others as Gladwell, believe in the development leading by an exceptional performance and the genetic as a characteristic that mediates it through learning and

In "Outliers: The story of success", Malcom Gladwell explained and gave examples of ways to be successful. There are many ways that Gladwell mentioned, such as luck, practice, background, family, and culture. There are many more of course, but I will save time. There are three of which I think are the most important, these being Intelligence, Social Skills, and Location; and these are explanations as to why I think these are the most important.

These statistics logically support his argument. The second statistic shows the readers that elderly people will always have to depend on someone as they advanced in age.

Concrete, tangible numbers, percentages, and stats have become the guiding light for our decisions and beliefs. Rather than accept the gray area of uncertainty, we prefer a definitive answer in the form of data: polls, statistics, pie charts. The answers to the world’s major issues are more often being determined by these “certainties.” The increasing reliance on data to dictate our lives is proving to be a problem, as NY Times journalist Bret Stephens points out. Stephens’ April 2017 article “Climate of Complete Certainty” addresses the “limitless faith” the public has in surprisingly limiting data. By using an array of rhetorical tools and compelling arguments, Stephens is able to sway the audience in his favor.

The income gap in America affects people, who live in this country. The issue has a strong impact in America’s society; in particular, the nutritional disparity between rich and poor people. In USA, the food gap becomes the top signal for the class distinction, but it used to be clothing or fashion. The food inequality in America is not only influencing the poverty, it is also cost hundreds of billions of dollar per year because of Non Communicable Diseases (NDCs) (Ferdman, 2014). In addition, many people think that wealthy consume more food so they are easy to get obesity, diabetes or heart disease. In fact, in America, the low-income groups have the highest rates in NDCs. According to the worldwide study, there are a connection between NCDs and the socio-economic levels link to the energy in America’s meals and the cost of meals. The American has average income spend less than $8 per person per day for their meals and beverages. Meanwhile, poor people just spend only $25 per person per week. This is a big gap in their cost of meal. The main cause is healthful diets cost more than unhealthful diets (Drewnowski & Darmon, 2005). Besides, America is the unhealthiest countries in the world.

First of all, Las Casas uses statistics as a rhetorical feature. To illustrate, Las Casas uses statistics when describing what occurs on the islands of Puerto Rico and Jamaica. In the letter it says, “fewer than two hundred survive on each of the two islands, all the others perished” (26). Before using statistics, Las Casas states that there were over six hundred thousand natives living on the islands. When individuals read the statistics, they become aware that an amplitude of natives died. Only a scarce amount survived the excruciating abuse by the Spaniards. When Las Casas uses statistics, the scene is more impactful. When authors use statistics, the reader cannot argue with the facts stated. Authors also use statistics because they

Silver efficiently uses many different examples in order to illustrate the central point of that statistics is all about context, without context the data means nothing. A particularly poignant example is the entire situation of terrorism. In the book, Silver points that terrorism is quite similar to the logarithmic scale of seismology (logarithmic means that each value after each previous value is ten times higher than the previous value). This is particularly striking because it makes an example of saying that if the events of 9/11 were an 8 on the scale, what would a 9 be? Silver’s usage of all these examples such as poker, baseball, climate change, and financial markets gives it a universal appeal as almost all of the U.S. population can relate to the examples he presents in the book. Silver also introduces the Bayesian method of probability which essentially states that before calculating anything, one must hold a prior belief of how much an event was to succeed. This method is brilliant because it would be quite effective in terminating bias within calculations, but of course bias would still exist. The style of writing is also quite excellent, its usage of informal language gives it a comfort familiarity of regular conversations, but its intelligent writing also lends much credit to Silver’s authority. In many ways, Silver is a