Summary Of When Affirmative Action Was White
Ira Katznelson is the author of When Affirmative Action Was White, a historical analysis of the history of affirmative action and racial inequality in the United States of America. Katznelson takes a definitive approach to the history of legislation and inequalities and prepares the reader initially with his title. Katznelson’s argumentative position and approach to the title of his book makes the reader question about affirmative action for white Americans, but in reality what Katznelson means by his title, When Affirmative Action Was White, is more based on the social programs and federal grant opportunities that were created and provided to Americans during the Roosevelt and Truman administration. Katznelson argument encompasses historical …show more content…
The social geography of the country altered dramatically. The encouragement given to homeownership helped spawn the suburban sprawl that would characterize postwar growth. As Michael Bennett, author of the main history of the GI Bill noted: “The GI Bill changed where and how Americans lived. Suburbs sprang up like mushrooms around every sizable city....As surely as the Homestead Act of 1862 filled the prairies of the Far West, the GI Bill created and filled the suburbs.” (Katznelson, pg. …show more content…
The benefits of Affirmative Action are meant to level the opportunities for African Americans in all aspects of American life. After Kennedy’s implementation, President Johnson and his administration extended Affirmative Action benefits to more groups of people in the promotion of social equality throughout the United States. With Affirmative Action still in effect today, the United States of America more than remedied the initial loopholes of federal benefits with the first drafts. To continue to further extend federal benefits for Affirmative Action today could completely reverse the original scenario in time and create even more inequalities within the American political system. Affirmative Action helped the remedy the disadvantage African Americans faced and create equal opportunities for more social groups. If Affirmative Action stays in effect, nothing further should be done by the United States government, African Americans have all the civil rights that white Americans have and if they face discrimination as a result of their race, they have opportunities to remedy the
Analysis Of Why Are All The Black Kids Sitting Together In The Cafeteria
411 Words | 2 PagesErica Beckman Duran English 1A 28 October 2015 Affirmative Action In Chapter Seven of Why Are All the Black Kids Sitting Together in the Cafeteria? , Beverly Tatum discusses affirmative action, an action that guarantees equal opportunity to all individuals, regardless of any circumstances (117). Tatum remarks on the history of affirmative action, in which it was introduced to language and our legal system by executive order 11246 by President Lyndon B. Johnson (1965), and obligated federal contractors to “take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed, and that employees are treated during employment without regard to their race, religion, sex, or national origin” (116-117).
Griggs V Duke Power Case Analysis
110 Words | 1 Pages“A series of legislative initiatives and decisions made by the Supreme Court of the United States defined the possibilities of affirmative action policy” (Finkelman, 2004). Affirmative action is such a controversial topic which has been brought up in many Supreme Court cases. In Griggs v. Duke Power case in 1971, the court argued “Title VII” bans “not only overt discrimination but also practices which are fair in form but discriminatory in operation.” (Finkelman, 2004). To eliminate discrimination processes under Title VII, all employers began to hire and recruit more minorities.
Social Effects Of Migration From Rust Belt To The Sun Belt
576 Words | 3 PagesThe continuing population flow from cities to suburbs, and the internal migration from the Rust Belt to the Sun Belt have had significant social and political effects on American life. Additionally, the advances in science following World War II have had a profound impact on American society. In this answer, we will examine these three phenomena and their effects. The post-World War II era saw a significant shift in population from cities to suburbs. This migration was driven by several factors, including the availability of cheap land, increased mobility due to the automobile, and a desire for a more suburban lifestyle.
Affirmative Action Vs Libertarianism
987 Words | 4 PagesThis affirmative action has worked to great effect, creating a more racially-just and diverse society than otherwise would have been the case. “Many view Affirmative Action as an expensive exercise that violates principles of merit of equal opportunity and that, in any event, has not achieved its original goals as enunciated by President Johnson in 1965. Further, there is no agreement or clarity about what, if anything should be put in its place” (Katznelson, n.d). The almost exclusively white-targeted nature of the extensive federal legislation before 1965 has largely been ignored by policy critics, just as it was ignored by Lyndon Johnson.
Government Policies During The 1920s And 1930s
797 Words | 4 PagesThis negativly it negativly affected the lower class and many business owners such as farmers. On top of this all, discrimination still continued to negatively affect African Americans. The United States government implemented policies that significantly affected the economy and the American people thoughout the
How Does Affirmative Action Affect Minorities
508 Words | 3 PagesAffirmative action in the United States I believe that affirmative action negatively affects on both minorities and majorities. From a minority’s perspective, the idea that minorities can receive benefits from others due to their race, ethnicity, or gender can cause them to feel segregated against anyway. Since the term, ‘minority,’ no longer applies to every females or person of color today, female students or students of color with affluent backgrounds may feel segregated and devalued even when they did not get any special benefit from affirmative action policies. Majorities, in this case, male or white students, will also get discouraged because this can be regarded as a form of reverse discrimination, especially with racial affirmative action programs.
Affirmative Action Should Be Allowed To Go To College
580 Words | 3 PagesTo begin with, people whose family have a lower income and they may not be able to go to college, can use affirmative action to still be allowed to go to college and exploit their talents and still be able to live a standard good life. “Now more than ever, the continued use of affirmative action is needed to address existing discrimination, to break down barriers and to ensure that all individuals have an equal opportunity to demonstrate their talents and abilities” (Affirmative Action, 1) In the quote, it explains how affirmative action helps more people be able to get allowed into schools that would otherwise not, and now have a chance to show their talents and abilities to the world. That although they came from a low income family or a one-parented family, they still have an equal chance to show how they can make a difference in the United States. “These children will grow up to be the adults who drive the
Obama's Arguments Against Affirmative Action
850 Words | 4 PagesAffirmative Action Affirmative Action is a policy or program intended to redress past discrimination and promote equal opportunities in education and employment. This is a highly controversial and well known topic, especially when considering it as part of college admissions. Many argue that colleges and universities should consider a student’s race and national origin when reviewing submitted applications. This is merely an attempt to create a more diverse student body, and assure that discrimination not occur. Although there is evidence to support that Affirmative Action is beneficial to the college and its student body, it should not exists in admissions because it limits the number of qualified non-minority students admitted.
How Did The Civil Rights Act Of 1964
471 Words | 2 PagesThis bill no longer permitted the segregation of African Americans and minorities. They now have the same basic rights and freedoms as any other American. This bill changed America if it was not signed segregation would be most likely would have continued if it were not for the Civil Rights Movement as well as the bill being signed and passed. It was on the President’s Radio and Television that President Lyndon Johnson announced to the United States that he was going to be signing a bill that forbids the unequal treatment of African Americans and minorities.
When Affirmative Action Was White Summary
985 Words | 4 PagesThe New Deal, World War II, and post-World War II marked significant periods in American history as the federal government created various programs to relieve the nation from the Great Depression and spur economic growth. However, as Ira Katznelson points out in his book, “When Affirmative Action Was White,” these programs held disparities that disproportionately benefited white Americans. This essay will examine how New Deal, World War II, and post-World War II programs represented affirmative action for white Americans. In “When Affirmative Action Was White,” Katznelson explores how New Deal programs represented affirmative action for white Americans.
Affirmative Action Argumentative Analysis
1253 Words | 6 PagesIn this essay, Affirmative Action is looked upon as a positive attribute to minorities as a whole. In addition, it is a stepping stone that was put into place for minorities to be able to thrive. With Affirmative Action, there are more fair opportunities for an individual other than a Caucasian male or female. Thomas Jefferson said, “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are treated equally…” this was embedded in the American way of life, but are all men created equally? Minorities in America are already at a disadvantage from birth.
The Pros And Cons Of Affirmative Action
715 Words | 3 PagesOne of the largest issues we face as a society is the security of equal opportunities for everyone. Minorities especially see very little opportunity when it comes to getting an education. Affirmative action seemed to be a logical solution to the racial discrimination involved with college admissions. However, affirmative action has proven to be of little success. Although there should be policies in place to ensure equal opportunity for all students, regardless of race, affirmative action gives an unfair advantage to students of color, and does not solve the institutional disadvantages that minorities have.
Essay On The Voting Rights Act Of 1965
1821 Words | 8 PagesHowever, until today, African Americans still couldn’t get their real voting rights. This act doesn’t totally infer this situation, no matter how industrious blacks demand their completed fundamental rights. Except African American, within the United States, many minorities have struggled for their rights for many years. It is necessary for a government to protect all citizens’ rights, including the minorities. If the government couldn’t do that, as a citizen, we should speak out our perspectives by participating in the voting
Post Racial Discrimination In America Essay
527 Words | 3 PagesAfter the election of Barack Obama it was argued that America had become a “post-racial” nation. This was based upon the argument that the election of the first black president indicated that race no longer served as a limiting or differentiating factor in the United States. The problem with this argument is that it ignores the racial inequalities which are still clear in the country. One concept challenging this idea is the theory of color-blind racism. Color-blind racism is the concept that ignoring the historical institutional racism which created the inequalities of today is a distinctly racist way of viewing the world.
Argumentative Essay On Racial Equality
1734 Words | 7 PagesThis is the next and more profound stage of the battle for civil rights. We seek not just freedom but opportunity––not legal equity but human ability––not just equality as a right and a theory, but equality as a fact and as a result” (Garrison-Wade & Lewis, 2003). That same year, President Johnson signed an executive order mandating government contractors “take affirmative action” in
More about Summary Of When Affirmative Action Was White
Analysis Of Why Are All The Black Kids Sitting Together In The Cafeteria
411 Words | 2 PagesGriggs V Duke Power Case Analysis
110 Words | 1 PagesSocial Effects Of Migration From Rust Belt To The Sun Belt
576 Words | 3 PagesAffirmative Action Vs Libertarianism
987 Words | 4 PagesGovernment Policies During The 1920s And 1930s
797 Words | 4 PagesHow Does Affirmative Action Affect Minorities
508 Words | 3 PagesAffirmative Action Should Be Allowed To Go To College
580 Words | 3 PagesObama's Arguments Against Affirmative Action
850 Words | 4 PagesHow Did The Civil Rights Act Of 1964
471 Words | 2 PagesWhen Affirmative Action Was White Summary
985 Words | 4 PagesAffirmative Action Argumentative Analysis
1253 Words | 6 PagesThe Pros And Cons Of Affirmative Action
715 Words | 3 PagesEssay On The Voting Rights Act Of 1965
1821 Words | 8 PagesPost Racial Discrimination In America Essay
527 Words | 3 PagesArgumentative Essay On Racial Equality
1734 Words | 7 Pages