Islam has two main branches: Sunni and Shiite. Most Muslims, around 90% fall into the Sunni category while the other 10% make up the Shiite. The two split due to the “controversy surrounding leadership of the Muslim community after the death of the Prophet Muhammad” (Brodd p501). Some Muslims thought that a new leader should be chosen by agreement; while the others thought that only the prophet’s descendants should become caliph. As the Muslims split into two due to the differences in the leadership, Sunni emerges at the more “conservative” of the two.
After the Prophet Muhammad's death, Abu Bakr became his caliph or successor. The Sunni branch believes that the first four caliphs, including Ali, rightfully took place as the leaders
During the years 1000-1300 CE there were many regions throughout Afro-Eurasia that were experiencing internal conflict, however, some regions were beginning to flourish and become more dominant throughout the Afro-Eurasia continent. One of the regions that was experiencing turmoil was the Islamic empire. Beginning around the year 1000 CE, Islamic Empire was experiencing political fragmentation due to the enormous expansion of the empire. Although, the Islamic Empire was experiencing problems they still became very popular throughout the regions they inhabited. With the help of the Islamic religion many outside people became devout followers.
They accepted all four previous Caliphs before Mu’awiya. And while later Caliphs “might not always have acted justly”, their appointments should be viewed as legitimate, as long as they followed the basic teachings of God (Hourani, page 61). Sunnism, “regarded the caliph neither as a prophet nor as an infallible interpreter of the faith, but as a leader whose task, it was to uphold peace” (Hourani, page 61). The Shi’a desired the family of Ali to rule the Muslim world.
Chapter 10 of Patterns of World History, Volume One, encompassed an era of the emergence of Islam and the expansion of Muslims empires out of the Middle East. First, the Prophet Muhammad founded Islam after overthrowing resistant pagans. Next, the Muslim faith split into two major sects Sunni and Shiite Islam which has various distinction from one another. The major Arab empires at the time were the Umayyads who were then precede by the Abbasids, both of these empire differed in both their approach to Islam and to conquest. Lastly, Vladimir I’s decision to convert to Orthodox Christianity spawned differing accounts between Russian and Muslim scholars.
The Sunni brothers follow the four
Othman controlled the empire carefully and improved society. In his time, anti-Islam thinkers such as Mu’awiya who was the son of Abu Sufiyan, Umayyad emerged. They did illegal activities, and made conspiracy against Othman. Only one leader Ali existed after Othman’s death so that according to Umma decision Ali accepted the caliphate status 656- 61 CE. Whereas, Ali did not punish Othman’s murders, and he signed contract between them.
The Wahhabi and Salafist movements have become increasingly influential throughout the Middle East and the world. They have been an integral part of the dynamic religious conflict in the Middle East and have helped propagate the current terrorist movements throughout the world. To understand what makes these movements so popular, we must revisit the roots of Wahhabism and Salafism and their similarities and differences. Wahhabism was founded by Mohammed Ibn Abd al-Wahhab in the eighteenth century. Wahhabism “stresses the absolute sovereignty of God.”
Elijah Muhammad the spiritual leader of the nation of islam. While Malcolm had been jailed for 7 years, where he educated himself and became a disciple of Elijah Muhammad, founder of the Nation of Islam. Malcolm respected him before he even knew him. Elijah led malcolm down the trail of islam and promoted
This article uses only two pictures. Although they have differences and are split up, in one of the pictures, they have all gathered to pray together. It also explains where Sunni and Shia Islam are concentrated. John Harvey is the author of this article. The authors purpose to write this article was to inform us on various ways Sunni and Shia Islam are different and how they came to have complications that led them to split up. .
One major event from the Righly Guided Caliphs through the Umayyad and Abbasid period was leadership over the Muslim community, which resulted in the crisis of succession. Due to the sucession, it created another major event. This event lead the development of the two major branches of Islam: Sunni and Shi 'a. Muslim rule spread through out North Africa and Central Asia, this lead to claims that caliphs discriminated against non-Arab Muslims. This claim lead to a Battle of Camel. This is a major event because it was the first battle to have Muslim against Muslim.
The use of leadership helped to expand the Islamic Empire since people were forced to believe. Islam never interfered with the dogmas of any moral faith, never persecuted… Islam “grasped the sword” in self defense; Christianity grasped it in order to stifle freedom of thought and liberty of belief. Wherever Christianity prevailed, no other religion could be followed without molestation. The Moslems, on the other hand, required from others a simple guarantee of peace, tribute in return for protection, of perfect equality – on condition of the acceptance of Islam (Doc 6).
After the Prophet by Lesley Hazleton is a narrative history that tells you about the cause of the split in between Muslims. The Sunnis and The Shias. Hazleton does this in three main chapters that circulate around the people that mainly cause the Sunni-Shia ordeal. Prophet Muhammad, Ali, and Hussein. When the Prophet Muhammad dies after an illness, his followers were at loss of an irreplaceable leader.
Muhammad's caliphs also had specific rules to accommodate. Caliphs had to maintain the religion, execute judgements, defend the lands, enforce legal penalties, and go to war with non muslims. (Document E) The qualifications for the Caliph made the Islam religion stronger. With a strong leader, you can not fail.
Imagine, a world united under a single cause. A world tolerant and accepting of other religions. This was the world known as the Islamic State. In its height, the Islamic faith spread like wildfire. It's rapid growth can be attributed to many factors, but the main ones were its technological edge and its political appeal.
George W. Bush’s statement regarding the conflict in the Middle East was accurate. Although Bush made this statement as an outsider he was correcting stating that the conflict has been continuing for too long considering it has been on going for over 100 years. Many Israeli and Palestinian citizens have been killed in during this time period of. Amongst those killed are soldiers as well as civilians and children. The people in the Middle East have lived in fear all this time as no one is safe from the on going violence and terror.
Abstract Sectarianism holds hegemonic power over Lebanon that is resistant to challenges of change. Institutional and foreign actors serve to instill and reinforce sectarianism from above while political and economic elites play on sectarian sentiments to maintain and enhance their power, contributing to sectarianism from below. These efforts ensure that the Lebanese subjects remain affiliated with their respective sects, compartmentalized in self-managed communities. Introduction Sectarian democracy, the political system adopted by Lebanon, fuses formal and informal sectarian and democratic components. Democracy is manifested in the way power is organized: upholding democratic principles such as the rights of individuals through elections,