Super Boy Syndrome

Throughout the semester, I have gained a better understanding of adapted physical education and sport programs. These programs provide children and adults with an opportunity to participate in sports they may not have thought were possible. The modifications to sport and exercise allows individuals with a range of disabilities to engage in activity. The disabilities can range from a mild learning disability to a permanent condition caused from a serious accident. While observing numerous individuals with disabilities, I was able to obtain a better understanding of the challenges that came with physical activity.

Klinefelter syndrome, also known as ‘47,XXY’ and ‘XXY’ is found in males, this is due to the fact that the host male gets another X chromosome. The image on the right you can see the extra chromosome with the pair of sex chromosomes. Usually there are only two chromosomes that determine the sex, one from opposite sexes but when it comes to Klinefelters Syndrome there is an extra X chromosome. Because this due to the additional chromosome it can described as a chromosome disorder. The frequency of getting affect by Klinefelter syndrome is 1in 500 to 1,000 newborn males. Klinefelter syndrome isn’t inherited but occurs as random event during the formation of reproductive cells in a parent. SYMPTOMS AT BIRTH AND CHILDHOOD Birth: Small Penis Undescended Most people with the syndrome are not diagnosed until they are adults but sign of the syndrome show up as you grow to become an adult. If they are early dragonised they can receive help to overcome any problems that are caused by Klinefelter Syndrome KLINEFELTER SYNDROME SYMPTOMS DIAGRAMS GENETICS OF THE DISEASE While Klinefelter Syndrome is a genetic disorder it isn’t inherited by any of the male and female counter parts. This is caused by the additional X chromosome which is can described as an error in cell division called meiosis causes an reproductive cell to have abnormal number of chromosomes. The image on the right clearly shows the karyotype for Klinefelter syndrome and were the chromosome disorder is. Klinefelter syndrome is a chromosomal mutation due to the extra sex chromosome. It is a chromosomal disorder but is still due to the fact that it is random event. GENETICS OF THE DISEASE The additional X chromosome I found with the other two sex chromosomes making it a total of 47 chromosomes instead of 46 which leads to the male child's hormonal and sexual related abnormalities as the grow up. Klinefelter syndrome can be diagnosed through a physical examination, chromosome analysis, blood test and semen

Andres, Andrew. Biology 196: Principles of Modern Biology I Laboratory Manual. Minneapolis: Bluedoor, LLC, 2015. Print.

“Fragile X syndrome is the leading inherited cause of intellectual disability” (Lizbeth H. Finestack, 2009). A single gene mutation on the X chromosome causes the syndrome. It affects about 1 in 4,000 males and 1 in 6,000 to 8,000 females. (Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and, 2006). Fragile X affects all races and ethnicities. Fragile X syndrome varies in in severity. Most children with fragile X have some type of learning disability and behavioral difficulties. No cure is available for the syndrome however, evidence does show that behavioral and education treatment is beneficial to the children with Fragile X Syndrome.

Everyday day babies are born with disabilities. A majority of these are surprises to the new parents. Conditions such as: Down Syndrome, sensory impairments and neurological disorders are known to most people but still not anticipated. Fragile X Syndrome is a gene mutation that affects thousands of people, making it important to know how the disorder changes the social and emotional aspects of a person’s development and life.

Prader-Willi Syndrome, an imprinted disorder, is caused by the absence of paternal chromosome fifteen, at least in approximately seventy percent of all cases. In other unlikely cases, a child may have inherited two copies of chromosome fifteen from its mother, which is referred to as maternal uniparental disomy. Similarly, in vitro fertilisation may increase the risk of a mother birthing a child with an imprinted disorder. PWS can cause delayed development, low muscle strength and tone, stunted growth, difficulties feeding, obesity, infertility, and behavior problems. Infants with PWS have “insatiable appetites” which causes them to overeat and can result in obesity into adulthood, and even death,

Haemophilia A is an inherited genetic disorder which causes a bleeding tendency, mainly into joint spaces. This is due to the inadequacy of clotting, (L.A.Valentino et al 2012). This disease is developed from a mutation of the gene F8 which contains information on how to make the protein, coagulation factor VIII in the plasma which contributes to blood clotting. Therefore the disruption of this process leads to prolonged bleeding, (Konkle BA, Josephson NC and Nakaya Fletcher S, 2000). The key symptom of Haemophilia A is joint and muscle bleeding, (R.Ljung et al 1990). There can also be excessive bruising and other bleeding elsewhere such as in soft tissues, urine and mouth particularly in children. Haemophilia A could lead to arthropathy as

Another form of therapy used to treat anorgasmia is sex therapy. Typically you attend these sessions with your primary sexual partner, because many people believe sexual dysfunctions should be viewed as a two-person problem. During therapy, some of the topics that are worked through could be conflicts, disagreements, and communication skills. There is also some physical “homework” to do with your partner at home. Some of these things may include systematic desensitization, Kegel exercises, and masturbation techniques. Couples are also taught to use a technique called sensate focus exercises. They are anxiety reduction techniques that have partners begin with nonsexual touching and gradually increase to sexual touching of each other’s bodies

Hemophilia, Hemophilia is a rare genetic disorder, which prevents blood from clotting. Hemophilia could occur in both a female and male, but most commonly in males (Learning about Hemophilia 2011). Classic Hemophilia affects approximately every ten thousand person in the population (Elaine Sergis 1972). There are two common Hemophilia disorders, which are Hemophilia A and Hemophilia B. Hemophilia A is the most common one, it is caused by having low levels of clotting factor VIII (Mayo Clinic Staff 2014). Hemophilia B is caused by not having enough clotting factor IX (Mayo Clinic Staff 2014). People with Hemophilia are basically lacking in a protein that the body needs to proceed a process of blood clotting. Basically how it works is, you tend to bleed in a longer period of time then people with out the condition, which bleed till the protein in the blood helps clot the wound to stop the bleeding. Though hemophilia is inherited but could also be obtained by people who do not have it nowhere in family history. There have been cases of about 30

Women may be given hormonal therapy, in order to address any hormonal imbalances. Estrogen therapy has been shown to increase blood flow to the genital area, allowing it to become more sensitive. This may be given as pills taken orally or as a patch that is worn. Testosterone therapy may also be

The karyotype pictured is what happens when there is a full or extra pair for the chromosome 21 and that means the person has Down syndrome. Down syndrome is a genetic defect that causes developmental delays and specific physical characteristics. Some of the physical characteristics are low muscle tone, small body height, upward slanted eyes, and oddly a single deep crease across the center of the palm. Medically 40-50% have congenital heart defects, 65% have hearing issues, and 50% have vision problems. The life expectancy is now 60 years old, but in 1983 it was only 25 years old.

While male and female infertility is relatively common in approximately 15% of the population, many molecular and genetic factors that cause infertility are not known. Even so, genetic factors that are associated with causing infertility are being identified, one of them being chromosomal disorders such as chromosomal aneuploidy. Chromosomal aneuploidy is a mutation in which the chromosome number is abnormal as a result of chromosomes failing to separate normally, or nondisjunction and is the leading cause of pregnancy loss and disabilities that impair development. Little is currently known as to what genes or how aneuploidy can cause male infertility, but because the number of chromosomes is different, some genes may be lost or you could have

Before doctors would render any treatment solution for fertility, they first examine the reason behind the inability to conceive. It must be understanble that fertility problems can fall on men or women for various different reasons.

Low libido and low sex drive is the common problem in men who are over the age of 30. This is because male hormones gradually starts to decrease and lead to various sexual problems. All men as they age experience a reduction in testosterone levels. Some of the problems include erectile dysfunction, premature ejaculation, low libido, low sex drive, depression, weight gain and poor performance in bed. All these problems have an adverse affect on the intimate relationships.