CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction In this chapter related literature on instructional supervision and supervisory practices is reviewed. This review focuses mainly on three aspect of the topic that is instructional supervision, models of supervision and some studies related to the related to supervisory practices and skills. This review examined both foreign and local literature. A public employee or professional staff entrusted to perform the duties, activities and responsibilities that have been designed and specified. If they are not supervised and make mistakes without realizing it, the habit is formed. This normally would be well and be right and good (Asnah: 1995). Therefore, make the process of supervision will ensure …show more content…
Of supervision by the school management is essential in ensuring that teachers continuously. Supervision will be able to help teachers align instructional activities and stimulate teachers to achieve excellent performance and can develop their potential and overcome any deficit, and available. 2.4 The headmasters, the teachers and the supervision As a supervisor, the headmaster is directly involved in matter related to learning and teaching processes in the school (Kamaruddin Kachar, 1979). According to Sweeney (1982), there are six characteristics that a headmaster should have related to leadership in the school. There are namely stressing on the student’s academic achievement, developing teaching strategies, maintaining conducive atmosphere in the school, evaluating the students achievement regularly, coordinating teaching programs and helping to boost teacher’s moral on the job. Moreover, according to Rahimah’s (1986) study found that there was a significant relationship between principal leadership style and students’ academic performance. According to Azali Mahbar (1982), there are a few ways supervision that a principal can do: i) Examining teachers teaching plans, ii) Examining students work
The second domain in the Florida Principals Leadership Standards is composed of three different standards. The first of these is Instructional Plan Implementation and is about how an effective leader must collaborate to develop and implement an effective instructional framework that aligns with the required standards and meets his/her students’ needs (“The Florida Principal,” n.d.). Due to the variety in options that are available to align instruction to a pupil, given that the instruction will be adjusted to his/her needs, I feel that the situational leadership approach will be able to be implemented in this situation to create better results as “different situations demand different kinds of leadership (Northouse, P., 2016). The different leadership styles that make up the Situational approach can be tied to this standard by connecting the necessary leadership style with the supportive and directive behaviors in the task that is performed. As an instructor, I will spend time in the S1 category of the Situational Leadership Model as I make use of a “common language of instruction”, spend time between the S1 and S2 categories by “communicate the relationships among academic standards” and by being engaged “in data analysis for instructional planning and improvement”.
Introduction Clinical Supervision Supervision is indicated as a formal process of overlooking by a more experienced individual as the supervisor for productivity, performance and development. Large business, organization and academic training program apply supervision commonly for educational and management purpose. Within these business or academic structure, the role of supervisor includes providing guidance, affirming the quality of service and evaluating the efficiency. Administrative management and facilitating communication between departments are also the responsibilities of the supervisor in large business or organization. However, clinical supervision is usually referred to the supervision related to medical treatment with real patient
CD 452 Professional Development Reflection The first lesson I chose was Power of Language for Infants and Toddlers. Each lesson taught how to build relationships, language, and every word builds a healthy brain. It taught how to respond to a child in a positive way, there are 5 elements to the responses.
Explain how the ethos, mission, aims and values of a school may be reflected in working practices. The ethos, mission, aims and values of the school should be known very well before entering the school setting as it is part and parcel of the environment of the school and the daily practice of the staff and pupils there. All adults that work and are part of setting have the responsibility to model the standards of behaviour, with the children and amongst the colleagues. Good association and strong dealings between adults will encourage the good behaviour in children. All children as an individual should be respected within the school.
2.a) The school Governors are volunteers who ensure a school is run efficiently, they work with the school to deliver good quality education, they set the schools aims and policies whilst working with the head teacher. They also make sure the schools budget is spent correctly and the building is being run well and safely. Senior Management Team (SMT) consists of the head teacher, deputy heads and the heads of the departments. They have a collective responsibility for the efficient daily running and discipline of the school, assisting the head teacher in leadership and management and is designed to allow strategic day to day responsibilities.
As indicated by Gawande (2011), the current customary instructing varies from one call to the next. He calls attention to that instructing and training is unique and unmistakable. In his doctorate calling in the field of prescription, Gawande brings up that simply like whatever is left of specialists, once they have achieved their most elevated amount of commonsense evaluation, they work freely and without supervision. He, notwithstanding, appreciates the pattern in the brandishing field where he recognizes that as a sportsman advances in their field, they require all the more training and more direction. The same is depicted with performers, they attempt to have somebody to remain close by to watch them and give them a moment ear.
The strategic purpose of school governors is to support the school in many ways. This includes, making sure there is a clear vision, ethos and strategic direction within the school. They support the head teacher and hold them accountable for the educational performance of the school and its pupils. They will oversee the financial performance of the school and make sure its money is spent in the right areas. They will also carry out a number of other significant duties, which include the appointing and dismissing of staff, hearing appeals and grievances, forming policy on the school's curriculum, setting standards for pupils' behaviour and discipline and setting and monitoring the school's aims and policies.
Short staffing is one of the many challenges nurses encounter in the work environment. The impacts can be detrimental primarily to the patient’s outcome. To examine the effects of short staffing, research was conducted on 36,539 hospital inpatients to evaluate the amount of those exposed to an understaffed shift and how many patient outcomes resulted in a NSO (Twigg, Gelder, & Myers, 2015). NSO’s are nurse sensitive outcomes based on the nursing care provided to the patient. Patients exposed to short staffing had an increase of greater than one chance of NSO’s compared to patients not exposed (Twigg et al., 2015).
What is the purpose of corrections? Briefly describe different types of correctional supervision. The many facets of the correctional system are all centralized towards one goal that is to carry out the criminal sentence that has been given to the offender. Corrections is defined as any action apply to offenders after they have been convicted and implies that the action is corrective, or meant to change the offenders according to society's needs. It is also stated that corrections have been placed on those individuals that have not been convicted of a crime they have been merely accused.
Leadership has been defined in a variety of ways, there are multiple authors and theorists who have tried to define and understand leadership, all leading to varying theories and conclusions, but one thing that is universally understood is the importance of effective leadership and how someone with good leadership skills can impact so many people around them. (Kakabadse and Kakabadse, 1999; Yukl, 2002; Northouse,2013) The main components that have been identified to play a role in leadership are relations between leader and subordinates, interaction form between leader and followers, the influence that the leader has, the way in which the leader behaves and finally a leader’s traits. (Yukl, 2002) These elements that make up a leader, are then used as building blocks to identify the way in which each specific leader deals with its followers.
3.1) Theories of Behaviour Management Behaviour management is a tool, a system, generates learning environment to encourage positive behaviour and minimise the opportunity for negative conduct to occur. It is like modifying and change learner's action in a positive manner where the primary focus lies on maintaining order. Many theorists presented their views in their research work on the understanding of the nature of the behaviour BILL ROGER is an education consultant and author present his work on behaviour management, discipline, effective teaching, and stress management etc. and also lectures widely covers the topic to both the learner and the teacher for the challenges facing in leadership in educational premises. Bill Roger recommended
According to Kadushin & Harkness (2014) supervision in social work is when a social worker indirectly offers the best services in terms of quality and quantity in accordance with agency procedures and processes through, supportive, administrative and educational functions. To achieve this the social worker has to coordinate, direct, enhance and evaluate the performance of the supervisee while the supervisee carries out the
Introduction- The leadership and management are two important pillars of modern day business. “You manage things; you lead people” Grace Hopper (retired Admiral, U.S. Navy). On one hand managers, not only motivate people but they also set the course of direction and organize to achieve the targets.
Educators have always rated discipline as one of the most serious obstacles to promoting effective teaching. Proper Classroom management leads to class control and conducive teaching learning environment. According to Evertson and Weinstein (2006) Classroom management has two distinct purposes: “It not
Teachers are the life-blood of school districts across the United States. They are masters of their specific grade-level content and work tirelessly to manage the learning and well-being of their students. Teachers are the academic leaders of the learning environment within their classrooms and collaborate with their students throughout the year in order to facilitate learning, and foster creativity and problem solving. However, over the last thirty years, teacher leadership has taken on a whole new meaning.