Three Types Of Collaboration Paper

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This chapter presents a review on the factor influencing supply chain collaborations in supermarkets in Kenya. It focuses on collaboration concept, empirical studies and factors influencing supply chain collaborations.

2.2 Collaboration
Whipple and Russell (2007) identified three “types” of collaboration. These types of collaboration were segregated based on ten factors: (1) people characteristics; (2) process characteristics; (3) technology characteristics; (4) degree of involvement in decision making; (5) collaboration focus; (6) time horizon; (7) classification of return on relationship; (8) organizational level; (9) information domain; and, (10) knowledge level. Within each of these ten factors, the authors were able to describe three …show more content…

Ettlie and Reza (1992) described this as the unexpected changes of customer, supplier, competitor, and technology. It was said by Yusuf (1995) that government support plays an important role for business success. Paulraj and Chen (2007a) mentioned that environmental uncertainty is an important factor in the realization of strategic supply management plans. The increase of outsourcing activities in the industry had augmented the awareness of the importance of strategic supply management, which leads to better relationship among organizations. Under this factor, three sub-factors were identified: environment, government support, and uncertainty aspects from …show more content…

It is important to note the difference between agility and flexibility. Agility is an outwardly focused capability, while flexibility is an inwardly focused competency. This perspective of a capability being derived from a competency is consistent with the strategy literature (Prahalad & Hamel, 1990; Roth & Jackson, 1995; Teece, Pisani, & Shuen, 1997).

Supply chain agility is a measure of how rapidly the supply chain can respond. This measure is unique from the supply chain performance measure as the supply chain performance measure captures the level of attainment of supply chain performance outcomes. Supply chain agility is a measure of the supply chain responsiveness capability (the speed), not the supply chain performance capability (Swafford et al., 2006).

2.3.4 Government

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