Common Bean Qle Analysis

Sustainable agriculture is an alternative method for solving basic and applied issues associated to food production in an ecological way (Lal, 2008). It tackles many serious problems that affect the global economy and food production such as high energy costs, declining petroleum reserves, soil erosion, food security, and risks to organism’s habitats and human health (Reganold et al., 1990). In the late 20th century, environmentalists, agricultural scientists and small farmers seen the devastating effect farming was causing to water and soil, which are the key components to agricultural production. This prompted them to explore better ways to farm (Earles, 2005). The use of fertilisers to sustain high- yield agriculture, which contains many

In rice, qREP-6, a QTL connected with lateral root length, creates a positive association between phosphorus shoot content and tiller quantity in low phosphorus soils (Shimizu et al., 2008). In common bean, QTL analysis exposed the importance of basal and adventitious roots for phosphorus addition (Liao et al., 2004, Ochoa et al., 2006) and also the importance of root hair density and length for phosphorus efficiency in the field. At a lower metabolic cost, the assembly of greater root biomass was associated to two main QTLs accounting for 19–61% of the phenotypic variation under low phosphorus environments (Ochoa et al., 2006).

Root exudation and root hair density/length associated with higher production in phosphorus limited soils, and 19 and 5 QTLs connected with these traits were identified in maize and bean, respectively (Zhu et al., 2005, Yan et al., 2004), proposing that all of these root traits should be considered objectives to improve the phosphorus efficiency in crops. Results in rice suggest that the low phosphorus tolerance naturally existing in wild species can be used to improve PAE and PUE in modern varieties (Gamuyao et al., 2012, Wissuwa et al.,

2008. Increased expression of OsPT1, a high-affinity phosphate transporter, enhances phosphate acquisition in rice. Biotechnol. Lett. 30:1833–38

Shimizu A, Kato K, Komatsu A, Motomura K, Ikehashi H. 2008. Genetic analysis of root elongation induced by phosphorus deficiency in rice (Oryza sativa L.): fine QTL mapping and multivariate analysis of related traits. Theor. Appl. Genet. 117:987–96

Sun S, Gu M, Cao Y, Huang X, Zhang X, et al. 2012. A constitutive expressed phosphate transporter, OsPht1;1, modulates phosphate uptake and translocation in phosphate-replete rice. Plant Physiol. 159:1571–81

Wang X, Wang Y, Tian J, Lim BL, Yan X, Liao H. 2009. Overexpressing AtPAP15 enhances phosphorus efficiency in soybean. Plant Physiol. 151:233–40

Wissuwa M, Ae N. 2001. Genotypic variation for tolerance to phosphorus deficiency in rice and the potential for its exploitation in rice improvement. Plant Breed. 120:43–48

Yan X, Liao H, Beebe SE, Blair MW, Lynch JP. 2004. QTL mapping of root hair and acid exudation traits and their relationship to phosphorus uptake in common bean. Plant Soil