This led to the development of the non-anthropocentrism school of thought that regards the idea of human beings dominating nature as dangerous. Gary Varner is one theorists who has come up with arguments supporting a non-anthropocentric approach to environmental ethics. One of the basic arguments in Varner’s theories is the intrinsic value of all things in existence. Having such an intrinsic value gives all things the right to moral respect from other species. This means that as much as human beings expect respect from animals and other species in nature, they must be ready to respect these species too.
All parts of our society, be it the government, business or individuals are encouraged to operate in more environmentally friendly ways, to aid sustainability for the world. This, we have to be clear on the significant role we play in delivering a sustainable world. It is such an eyesore to witness the sick environment that is happening around us, yet the society seems to be ignorant about it up until now. However, there are several methods that can be made in order to create an environmental friendly community in today’s society, namely, raise awareness, preserve the ecosystems and by practicing 3R. For a community to be environmentally friendly, we must begin with the first simple step, which is raising the awareness among our society regarding environmental issues.
For too long have we lived in our comfort zone without realizing the reality of our world is. For too long have we took the earth for granted when the earth now is dying due to our reckless behaviour towards the environment, yet we dare to look on the other side. The global concentration has never been as focused on taking the responsibility for the environment. Basically, the term ‘environmental friendly’ can be defined as reducing infliction and minimizing the harm upon ecosystems or the environment. All parts of our society, be it the government, business or individuals are encouraged to operate in more environmentally friendly ways, to aid sustainability for the world.
From the ecological perspective; if we are to look for a better future for the coming generations, we have to consider the environment and its betterment for everyone not from the perspective of developed and developing countries. I believe that this perspective should be ethically supported by everyone because the world is suffering from environmental degradation and continuous decrease of natural resources and ever increasing of man-made waste. This serves as the main alarms which should be used as catalysts for including the majority of human beings and living creatures in the perspective of happiness. The utilitarianism theory talks about the importance of the good consequences of environmental sustainability for the benefit of the majority. On the economic level of sustainability, the utilitarian ethics is based on consequences and the happiness of the majority where
Like that political movement of environmentalism, ecocriticism also strives to make people care equally about all creatures that live in any single environment. In practice, any side of the environment that is victimized by people in a way should push be repaired as soon as possible so as to seat that equality of human and nonhuman individuals who should be cared about the same way. But in addition, ecocriticism tends to bring together natural aspects of this world and the fruits of technology. It calls therefore that magical land that is far away from human cities, cars, annoying appliances, and repetitive office work, the wi-fi router… wilderness. The contact between man and nature is an opportunity for man to mirror himself so as to understand what sort of creature he is.
Environmental ethics is an ethics that studies the relationships between human beings and the environment. Humans is a part of society as well as other creatures, which includes plants and animals. These are an important part of the world so I think we as a human being need to respect and use morals when dealing with these things. From my opinion, the environmental ethic is very important to help us conserve our world and manage our natural resources to meet our increasing needs and wants. But I found out myself had a very limited understanding of environmental ethics.
Sustainability Through Environmental Studies, I’ve learned to acknowledge that the meaning of sustainability is the process of balancing and maintaining one’s well-being in a way that preserves the lifespan of our planet, Earth. Humankind has a tendency to be arrogant and greedy, abusing excessive amounts of our natural resources to use in ways that are not necessary, instead of just using what we need in order to survive. That’s where the idea of sustainability comes to mind. With the idea of trying not abuse and destroy our planet , there are many different ways people can learn to live a sustainable life on a personal, local, and on a global level. There are many ways that an individual can improve their sustainability on a personal level.
This paper purposes to grow the concern on Eco-critical studies. Tagore was a follower and deep lover of nature; he was deeply influenced by nature; he considered nature as like the God. Tagore’s Gitanjali is the true expression of environmental literature. We can find eco-spiritualism, deep ecology, anthropocentricism in Gitanjali. Tagore says nature is the gift of god for the habitant of this earth, but except all the animals; only human beings are disturbing and misusing the natural resources.
This criticism cause an outbreak in this whole approach and it changes the response of the people towards it. Ecocentrism It is an argument which recognises intrinsic value in all life forms on planet earth irrespective of their importance to people. This means that the living things and non-living things have equal qualities that are important to the ecosystem with regard to treating their environment during decision making. Ecocentrism puts more value onto nature than humanity and it strive for balance within the ecosystem. It helps in conserving the environment since it recognises endangered species or landscape as it believes that they should remain static meaning they must not be disturbed.
In contrast Brundtland uses the basic needs perspectives. Which merely focus on the provision of basic need for current generation without compromising the abilities of those to follow to meet and satisfy their daily needs (Brundtland, 1987). This definition recognized the dependency of humans on the environment to meet their needs and satisfy their well beings, and this does not only rest alongside exploiting resources but rather also inclusive of the ideas that: “ecology and economy are becoming more and more intertwined – locally, regionally nationally and globally”(Brundtland, 19987:5). In the report Brundtland(1987) shows the significance of the environment in terms of stressing that humanity depend on the environment for security and,meeting their basic needs. However this definition of ‘basic needs ‘ is rather to narrow, even the proponents of it base its concept on weak sustainability thesis.