Sustainable Development In Africa Essay
1. LITERATURE REVIEW
1.1 INTRODUCTION
The topic of the literature review is “Managerial Perspectives on Sustainable Development in Africa”. It is evident that for the past 200 years industrial development has brought immeasurable wealth and prosperity, on the other hand causing unintended ecological degradation (Shrivastava, 1995). The earth faces many environmental problems, including global warming, ozone depletion, deforestation and desertification, declining biodiversity, acid rain, industrial accidents, and toxic wastes as a result (Brown & the staff of the Worldwatch Institute, 1991, 1992 & 1993; Pryde, 1991; Smil, 1994) and in addition poor sanitation, poverty and disease threaten quality of life, Aids causes one out of five deaths
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Individual managers can exercise influence as observed by Boddy and Paton (1998:118):
“It is management’s skill, or lack of it, which balances and satisfies competing interests. This is not an inherently rational or logical process. It involves people making choices about how they build and exercise control over people and resources.” Managers are confronted with operational, strategic and ethical decisions that were formerly the preserve of government in developing countries (Van Cranenburgh & Arenas 2014) and therefore there is an increased need for knowledge and awareness of the connections and interactions among the “three pillars” of sustainability and of all the issues encompassed by the concept of sustainability (Hutchins & Sutherland, 2008). Education system needs to play a significant role in sustainability, and the argument was if the education system is prepared to start with a questioning of the beliefs and values upon which it is founded (Togo & Lotz-Sisitka,
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