In literature, there are works that find their value rooted in a literary movement. Zora Neale Hurston’s “Sweat” and Richard Wright’s “The Man Who Was Almost a Man” are two examples that capture modernism. Both stories embody the idea that modernism is a break with the traditional way of writing and exploring expression throughout stories. Through the analysis of both stories, the characteristics of modernism found include loss and alienation and symbol that allow for multiple interpretations and can be seen through quotes that represent modernist literature. One recurring theme in modernism is the sense of loss and alienation experienced by individuals who are struggling to find their place in an evolving world. This is seen in both “Sweat” …show more content…
Her sense of loss and alienation comes from both her spouse and the expectations of society. In a world where women are seen as subservient, their struggles are often overlooked. The story captures Delia’s struggle to maintain her integrity while facing so much mistreatment. The story states, “She lay awake, gazing upon the debris that cluttered their matrimonial trail. Not an image left standing along the way… had… drowned in the salty stream that has been pressed from her heart (Hurston 922). This quote shows the sense of loss and emotional alienation through imagery. Delia is forced to endure this marriage and the expectations of a women to do her martial duties during that era. While Wright’s, “The Man Who Was Almost a Man” also captures the theme of loss and alienation, it takes on a different dimension. Dave, a young boy yearning to be seen as a man, is seen struggling with loss and alienation through not being seen as a man and being marginalized for his race. Dave is seen to …show more content…
Both “Sweat” and “The Man Who Was Almost a Man” relay the theme of loss and alienation, a recurring theme of modernism. Another theme of modernism seen in both “Sweat” by Hurston and “The Man Who Was Almost a Man” by Wright are the symbols that allow for multiple interpretations. In “Sweat,” the snake in the story represented the fear and the emotional and physical abuse Delia faced as well as liberation. The story states, “…where she waited in the growing heat while inside, she knew the cold river was creeping up and up in extinguish that eye which must know by now that she knew” (Hurston 929). The venom of the snake becomes the metaphorical agent of freedom, and its actions brings Delia a moment of transformation. Sweat is also a big symbol in the story representing Delia’s loyalty and hard work. Delia uses the word “sweat” (922) to describe all her dedication by stating, “Looka here, Sykes, you done gone too fur. Ah been married to you for fifteen years, and Ah been takin’ and washin’ fur fifteen years. Sweat, sweat, sweat! Work and sweat, cry and sweat, pray and sweat” (922). This is one of Delia’s breakdowns in the story conveying how she gives her all to her husband and the
Connor, one of the central characters in this novel, becomes a fugitive after escaping from his unwinding fate. As he navigates the treacherous path of survival, he grapples with the challenge of preserving his individuality and sense of self. The constant reminder of being referred to as ‘that lassiter boy’ highlights the loss of personal identity, reducing individuals to mere projects. This quote emphasizes the importance of persevering one’s Humanity in the face of dehumanizing forces, urging the characters and readers alike to recognize the significance of personal identity and the fundamental right to be acknowledged as an
In “Sweat”, Hurston repeatedly points out that the husband, Sykes, does not own the home, does not contribute anything financially, and has abused Delia for most of their marriage. When Delia says,
Symbolism through "Sweat” Delia Jones is a hard working, Christian woman that has lived by two principles her entire life: work and sweat. Despite her husband, Skyes', cruelty, she keeps quiet in order to provide for them and keep a roof over their heads. The idea of good and evil in the characters is clear in the appalling story of Delia's abuse, the death of Skyes, and the struggle and survival of Delia at the end. In the short story “Sweat,” Zora Neale Hurtson uses symbols to represent how good wins over evil by using the title, Christian symbolism, and the concept of light versus dark. “Sweat”, referring to the hard work Delia displays, is important to the plot of good against evil because of the idea that she works to provide for her
Furthering Sykes’ emotional abuse, further toying with that idea of dismantling Delia’s religious beliefs. He expects her to listen to him as man of the household, yet forces her to be financially/economically responsible for him as “[Delia’s] tub of suds [has] filled [Sykes’] belly with vittles more times than [Sykes’] hands [have] filled it. [Delia’s] sweat [has] done paid for this house and [Delia]
The title "Sweat" is clearly expressive of Delia's intensive work but also references Sykes and Delia to the “original couple cast out of Paradise'' where Delia is similarly facing the “Biblical curse of labor” (Fetrow). In the story of Adam and Eve, Eve was persuaded by Satan and the serpent, resulting in the couple "co-conspiring" in rebelling (Fetrow). As the story is retold, Delia is instead a target of "male obstinacy," the aggressor being Sykes, an evil inflicting the "suffering of mankind" (Fetrow). When forced into a harsh environment similar to Adam and Eve, Delia and Sykes face it in polar opposite ways. Hurston emphasizes that while Delia accepts the cruel nature of the world and works hard for the sake of self-preservation, Sykes adds weight to Delia's workload and denies responsibility for himself or his wife.
Lester, Neal A. “The Folklore of Sweat.” Southern Literary Journal, vol. 33, no. 2, Spring 2001, pp. 71-80.
In the beginning of their relationship, Delia was characterized as being “young” and “soft”. After fifteen years of being abuse, she finally began standing up for herself. In the turning point of the story, Delia told Sykes “…Ah been married to you fur fifteen years, and Ah been takin’ in washin’ for fifteen years. Sweat, sweat, sweat! Work and sweat, cry and sweat, pray and sweat!”
Historical criticism strives to cognize a literary work by examining the social, cultural, and intellectual context that essentially includes the artist’s biography and milieu. Historical critics are more concerned with guiding readers through the use of identical connotation rather than analyzing the work’s literary significance. (Brizee and Tompkins). The journey of a historical reading begins with the assessment of how the meaning of a text has altered over time. In many cases, when the historical context of a text is not fully comprehended, the work literature cannot be accurately interpreted.
Biblical Allusions in Zora Neale Hurston’s “Sweat” One prominent theme throughout the short story “Sweat” by Zora Neale Hurston is that resiliency can carry us through dark times. Hurtson shows readers this idea through biblical allusions, specifically the Jordan River and Jesus’ death. Hurston pays homage to Jesus, an important figure in the Bible. Delia’s husband Sykes often boasts about his mistress to the other villagers in their community. In the months when Sykes flaunted his infidelities around town “Delia’s work-worn knees crawled over the earth in Gethsemane and up the rocks of Calvary many, many times…” (4).
As a solitary woman confronting the evil of her husband, Sykes, Delia Jones can be viewed as the principle of power. She works hard as a washerwoman to support her church, family, and home, these being her motivation. However, she is still referred to by Sykes as “one aggravatin’ nigger woman” (Hurston 1). Delia has to deal with all of the physical and verbal abuse caused by Sykes. Having to live with this everyday helped Delia become a strong woman.
It also highlights Delia’s assertiveness and how uncommon it was for her to make her own decisions and demands, showing character development and a dynamic shift. In the story, Delia’s place in society is automatically under Sykes because she is a woman. However, Sykes’ power soon comes back to bite him, when he was viscously attacked by the snake he bought to scare his wife. Delia considered helping Sykes by going to the doctor, however, “Orlando with its doctors was too far” (7). Therefore, “she waited in the growing heat [knowing] the [Jordan] river was creeping up…to extinguish [Sykes’] eye [of hope]” (7).
Sykes’ reaction reveals the rarity of her confidence and independence. Specifically, his “amazement” was so strong that his mouth released his dinner and it portrayed Delia’s assertiveness and how unusual it was for her to make her own decisions and demands. Additionally, Sykes asked a question during another meal that implied he was not a financial burden to her, even though he spends excessive amounts of her earned money. Afterward, Hurston forms a detailed scene of a heated argument between the characters. Furiously, Delia “seized the iron skillet from the stove and struck a defensive pose…
While reading, it becomes evident that Delia is a good person. Not only is she good, but she holds strong to her religion. She is always putting others needs before her own. Delia does not only work to support herself, but works to support her husband and his mistress. “’Mah tub of suds is filled yo’ belly with vittles more times than yo’ hands is filled it’”
Delia slaves out at work to make money, but Sykes bullies her so that she can spend the money with the woman who happens to be new in town. “Bertha had been in town three months now. Sykes was paying her room rent at Della Lewis’—the only house in town that have taken her in" (Sweat
The duality within relationships, and emotions about the war drive the protagonist and his detachment from his emotions. The unnamed protagonist had a transformation emblematic of the profound impact of the opposition of love and squalor. The detached and emotionally wounded figure’s encounter with Esme sparks a sort of metamorphosis. Esme has a youthful innocence and unwavering kindness which acts as a catalyst for the protagonist's personal growth and enables him to reconcile with his past and find solace amidst the squalor of his personal experiences. Salinger captures the combination of fragility and resilience of the human spirit, and offers a nuanced exploration of the potential for redemption and healing through genuine connection.