LITERATURE REVIEW
What is meant by the term 'syllabus '?
When to evaluate a syllabus, it is essential to keep in mind the possible definition of the term to provide a basic framework for evaluation. According to the Longman Dictionary of Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics a syllabus can be defined as 'a description of the contents of a course of instruction and the order in which they are to be taught ' (Richards et al. 1992, 368).
Textbooks hold a cogent role in the teaching /learning process as they are the basic agents of transmitting knowledge to learners. The primary function of a textbook is to make available the exited knowledge and to facilitate the learners. Hutchinson and Torres (1994) state that a textbook plays a very important role in teaching /learning process. They state that textbooks provide the necessary input into classroom lessons through different activities, readings and explanations. Thus, textbooks will always fulfill the required needs. Textbooks are considered for both teachers and students as ‘the visible heart of any ELT program’ (Sheldon, 1988-237). Sheldon (1988) proposed the three main reasons that why the textbooks are so heavily utilized?
• Firstly, nearly all the classroom teachers find developing their own classroom materials an extremely difficult and laborious task.
• Secondly, teachers have limited time in which to develop new materials due to the nature of their profession.
• Thirdly, external pressures hinder in the teaching
In “Why University Students Don’t Read: What Professors Can Do To Increase Compliance” Mary E. Hoeft questions whether why students don’t like to read the assigned textbooks. Hoeft found that it is essential to know that there is a multiple of things we can do to boost the completion of reading assignments, for the professors who consider reading completion to be the main component to schooling (qtd. in Hoft 15). Some of these things could include could giving out quizzes, supplementary assignments, and to give reminders and making it interesting at the same time. While Hoeft suggest that reading completion is a team effort between the students and faculty, the emphasis of her argument is on whether students care about what they are reading.
In the first chapter of How to Read Literature Like a Professor, Thomas C. Foster introduces the readers to the idea of a literary quest. After giving two examples, he outlines the criteria: a quester, a place to go, a stated reason to go, challenges and trials en route and a real reason to go. Careful consideration has shown that the 2013 film Frozen, includes a quest that meets Foster’s criteria. When the ice princess, Elsa, becomes angered at her younger sister, Anna’s hasty decision to marry a man she just met, her powers are revealed and she is declared a monster. Elsa flees and inadvertently unleashes winter on the kingdom.
According to Carjuzaa and Kellough, “The syllabus and/or disclosure document contains information about the class or course and is usually presented to students on the first day or during the first week of school” (Carjuzaa & Kellough, 2017, pg. 152). The course syllabus is an outline of what will be happening throughout the year so that parents and students can have a clear description of what to expect. Some of the key components of the syllabus includes a description about the course, the importance of the course, goals, objectives, the materials required, types of assignments, attendance expectations, grading procedures, and other important information about the course. It is critical that all teachers develop a well thought out syllabus so that there isn’t any miscommunication throughout the school year. The syllabus can be implemented as a contract so when students or parents have issues, the teacher can always tell them that the course syllabus mentions what is required of this course and this course only.
The twenty-fifth chapter of How to Read Literature Like a Professor is where Thomas C. Foster exposes the importance of freeing oneself of their preconceived notions and fulling submerging oneself into the time and situations that literature can hold. He discusses how meaning can be lost upon those who fail to clean themselves of their time period and setting and how it hinders their ability to fully understand what’s going on in between the lines. Harper Lee’s novel To Kill a Mockingbird perfectly exemplifies why someone would need to step into the shoes of the characters. It’s not especially shocking that a story about a small southern town in Alabama in the early 1930’s would be heavy with racial tension but to be able to understand the
They also appear to enjoy learning the content due to their involvement. The goal of this activity was to build students reading skills by working them through the subject and allowing them to discuss amongst each other any information that relates to the subject of the reading. It is also intended to help the students think as they read. This helped enable the students understand the subject of the reading, offer their own insight, and identify words more easily. This will also allow students to identify new words and will increase their ability with word identification and reading skills.
A syllabus outlines everything a student should, and or needs know about a class they plan on taking. Ms. Spearman, one of the instructors for English 1102, devises a syllabus that explains what enrolled students should expect and are expected of in her class. She provides basic information for the class, explains what her students should gain by the end of the course, and what is expected of them while they are in her class. In producing a syllabus, Ms. Spearman provides her students with all the tools and knowledge to be successful in her class.
Tyne uses statistics to prove her point that traditional teaching methods are ineffective (Tyne). Whereas LSSU’s article is a short and simple introduction to the three learning styles without any additional commentary on the effectiveness of any particular teaching method. Different formatting accomplishes different goals when writing to an audience and can be analyzed to determine what those goals
Not being able to take in knowledge, students are unable to pass through
The effect of this is, students will be stressed and annoyed or angry with them, if unable to raise test scores. To sum up, students will feel not needed pressure.
The teacher selects and introduces new books carefully chosen to match the instructional levels of students and supports whole text reading. Independent Reading time, when students choose their own appropriate books. Here, they can apply the cue systems and decoding strategies that they have learned during Shared and Guided
The most useful forms of representation of those ideas, the most powerful analogies, illustrations, examples, explanations and demonstrations in a word, the most useful ways of representing and formulating the subject that makes it comprehensible to others. Pedagogical content knowledge also includes an understanding of what makes the learning of specific topics easy or difficult: the conceptions and preconceptions that student of different ages and background bring with them to the learning of the most frequently topics and
Therefore, with all these invariably increase in unproductiveness with the profession, the standard and quality of education was
The educator's role is to be an organizer, to stimulate, to investigate and to evaluate the learning
CHAPTER 2 • Cause/s of Failures Students get poor grades involve external factors, like the subject matter is too challenging that makes the students unable to follow in the discussion. The other reasons have to with poor attitudes, like not doing homework dillydallying, and skipping class. Lastly, there are reasons related to personal issues, such as test anxiety and concentrating problems. (Kurtus, 2012) • Student-related Factors • Not Ready for College Students aren’t prepared for post-secondary work and lack foundational skills that hinder to achieve passing grades.