Symbolic Criminalization In Latin America

The neocolonial period from 1790-1890 was a turning point in latin American history; Latin America experienced rapid changes in industrialization, transportation, and technological aspects that benefited the few and privileged yet came to the expense of a diverse and culturally vibrant native population. New neocolonial principles rooted in the philosophy of progress created a latin society that condoned the exploitation of many native populations. Due to a combination of European influence and latin American political corruption, many native populations suffered politically, economically, and culturally.

Over time, the thought patterns of many individuals mould to believe only one perception of what is morally acceptable— a perception that is completely faulty. The ideology of the male body and demeanor is only one of the many societal norms constructed by the media, and it alone can result in mental health fatalities, mass violence, or the mere elimination of self-identity whilst attempting to meet the ever-changing ideals of masculinity. The continuous and stereotypical depiction of masculinity in the media has idealized invulnerability, toughness and physical strength as the sole qualities of a ‘true man’. As a result, the complexity of masculinity is flattened, and immense pressures are placed on individuals to meet requirements that are entirely faulty. According to Katz, cultures, topics, and even genders are not one-dimensional; in order to fully comprehend the meaning the entirety of something, one must look at more than its representation in the media.

Once the young men of color enter the criminal justice system, they have “negative credentials” that lead to further stigmatization and criminalization in schools, in the community, and other institutions which severely restrict their educational and employment opportunities. Moreover, he criticizes the excessive punishment of petty acts of defiance such as violating a school rule. Rios mentions that “access resources that allowed them to move from negative credential status to positive credential status”

These students are many times symbolically labeled and classed as, “weird,” “gay,” or “loser” due to non-conformist dress, behavior, or participation in unmasculine activities such as art and drama (Kimmel and Mahler 2003). Consequently, these labels tend to define how others treat and interact with these students (Ballantine and Spade 2015). Students displaying volatility in emotional self-management experience poor treatment. Young men who fall short or step outside of the representation of hegemonic masculinity are met with relentless persecution (Kimmel and Mahler 2003). Tragically, over time, the compilation of these various symbolic factors and negative interactions can compound and incite deadly, violent outbursts.

Similar to Sapolsky, Katz argues that the media teaches men from a young age to be tough, aggressive, and not to show emotional vulnerability. This is what he calls the “tough guise” or the artificial definition of manhood that forces men to conform to society’s expectations by being “tough” and powerful and hiding their emotions. In the beginning of the film Katz shows interviews with various young males where he asks what it means to be a man, and all of them provide an answer referring to strength, such as “powerful,” “intimidating,” “strong,” and of course, “tough.” When asked what a male is called when they fail to live up to these expectations, the young men replied, “wuss,” “fag,” or “sissy.” Katz points out that this just one of numerous methods that society uses to contain young men in this “tough guise” box, using insults to drive them to perform the way they believe a man should.

How well Wes Moore describes the culture of the streets, and particularly disenfranchised adolescents that resort to violence, is extraordinary considering the unbiased perspective Moore gives. Amid Moore’s book one primary theme is street culture. Particularly Moore describes the street culture in two cities, which are Baltimore and the Bronx. In Baltimore city the climate and atmosphere, of high dropout rates, high unemployment and poor public infrastructure creates a perfect trifecta for gang violence to occur. Due to what was stated above, lower income adolescent residents in Baltimore are forced to resort to crime and drugs as a scapegoat of their missed opportunities.

Along with the social injustice for the targeted group, there is also the social and political concern for the connection of zero tolerance and the rising number of adolescents in the Criminal Justice System, juvenile detention centers or even jail. This connection is referred to as the School-to-Prison Pipeline. “The School-to-Prison Pipeline is “a collection of

While she never addresses the concept by name, Barnert’s text nonetheless seeks justice for minorities in cities facing clearly prejudiced systems. Moreover, and because Barnert does not explicitly state that institutionalized racism exists, her argument for reformation is weaker; however, her investigation exposes telling correlations between race and the economic status, opportunity, social environment, and education of inner-city communities. The oppressive system analyzed in the scholar’s article ensnares youth in never-ending cycles of detainment, poverty, and violence. She mostly emphasizes this prosecuting tone through her concerns that “adolescent voices on pathways to jail are notably lacking,” as she attempts to show flaws in America’s incarceration system and the society’s perception of race (Barnert 1365). Additionally, by providing the perspectives of these so-called troubled youths, her prosecuting tone becomes even clearer.

Prisoners who identities are given to them, end up believing that they belong to these groups. This process also affects communities. Lopez-Aguado studied at a juvenile detention center and a continuation school. The youth involved are also grouped based on their gang affiliation. Most of these youth are already exposed to these identities because they come from communities where incarceration is common.

Thesis statement Youth form many marginalized communities in many cases face many encounters with the police men. This is mainly because they are usually associated with criminals in many instances. The conflict theory that relates to these marginalized youths in the community relates to illegal behavior as well. As a result, there are studies mainly done for the purpose of comparing the interactions with students who stay at school with those who reside in shelters.

I would go to places where there are civil wars and inhumane practices suspected of happening. Many people are afraid to venture to these places, and a lot of people are ignorant to the disturbing things happening in these regions. I would venture to places in the Middle East or countries in Latin America because I think that it is vital for the population to be exposed to the harsh realities that many people have to endure. I think that in order for there to be a response and to have aid send to these countries, the world has to be informed on these issues. I would go to these countries and report on practices being conducted. The government’s involvement, if they are aiding their people properly or persecuting the masses. I would try to

Juvenile delinquency is a growing social problem in the world today, as worldwide, about 200,000 murders occur among youth 10–29 years of age each year (more than 500 deaths a day), which is 43% of the total number of murders globally each year (WHO, 2016). It is defined as major or minor law breaking (e.g. murder, rape, robbery, and theft) by youth (Berger, 2000) and the United Nations defines ‘youth’, as those persons between the ages of 15 and 24 years. Consequently, juvenile delinquency is a critical problem in the society, which could lead to social instability by violence and insecurity perpetrated by and against young people. These problems are caused by various influential factors ranging from peer and parental influences, environmental, and strain. It also affected by family process variables (e.g. parent-child involvement, communication, parental monitoring), indeed parenting is one of the important factors among them.

The analysis of hegemonic masculinity, age induced frustration and restrictions, and the discourse of innocence will be defined and elaborated on. Finally, a comparison between the socio-cultural and developmental lenses of youth analysis, the unique view they each offer and my personal experience using the socio-cultural lens, will be discussed. Hegemony is synonymous to leadership and dominance. During lecture, hegemony was described as a power structure that influences consent without coaxing or force. Furthermore, as this concept of power is rooted into institutions and social structures, the effortless compliance of society creates a status quo along with a

Treatment rather than Punishment Thesis Statement: Children, as innocents and infantile, are unconsciously doing unwanted acts that may violate our laws, therefore insufficient guidance from family, environmental factors syndicates, poverty and problem on education, which are the main rationales for their involvement on crimes should be given corresponding solution by the government. INTRODUCTION Juvenile delinquency means that a youth specifically those who are below 18 years old commits an act that is against the law. It can also be used as legal term for the criminal behavior carried out by minors. According to UNICEF, an average of 10, 500 minors are being arrested and detained every year – about 28 children every day, or more

This paper discusses the theories in radical criminology which contributes core understanding of the youth crime. Furthermore, the nature and extent of youth crime as well as the impact it had on the response of the criminal justice system is critically evaluated. Crime and Criminal Justice System According to McAra and McVie (2010) rupturing of any law and regulation is recognised as crime which may be minor as well as severe. It is said that the administration or establishments generally make laws and commandments that the people of the state