EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The purpose of this project was to select a suitable reactor for the syngas synthesis prior to the dimethyl ether production, to evaluate relationships between parameters inside the reactor and size it. All types of reactors were evaluated and the packed bed reactor was chosen to be the most suitable reactor for the process and it is used commonly used by industries. The catalyst selected to go with the PBR was nickel on alumina support(Ni/〖Al〗_2 O_3).It was found that the catalyst weight required is 26797 kg and the volume of the reactor to be 64.03m3. Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION 5 2. REACTOR SELECTION 5 2.1. Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) 5 2.2. Plug Flow Reactor (PFR) 5 2.3. Fluidised Bed Reactor (FBR) 6 2.4. Packed Bed Reactor (PBR)/Fixed Bed Reactor (FBR) 6 3. REACTION KINETICS 6 3.1. Thermodynamics 6 3.2. Kinetics and reaction rates 7 4. CATALYST SELECTION AND CONFIGURATION 8 5. PHYSICAL MODEL SELECTION 9 5.1. Mass transfer effects 9 5.2. Heat transfer effects 10 5.3. Pressure effects 10 6. METHOD OF SOLUTION 11 7. REACTOR SIZING AND MECHANICAL DESIGN 12 7.1. Material of construction 12 7.1.1. Corrosion Resistance 12 7.1.2. High Temperature Effect 13 7.2. Mechanical design 13 8. CONCLUSION 14 9. REFERENCES 15 APPENDICES 16 Appendix A: Catalyst …show more content…
This process unit is widely used in industries to convert raw materials into products. There are a lot of factors that affect the design of a chemical reactor depending on the type of chemical reaction that will be taking place such as; the mode of operation this could either be batch or continuous, the type of phases involved homogenous or heterogeneous, and the reactor geometry required. There are many types of reactors and this report will focus on the selection and detailed design of an appropriate chemical reactor suitable for the steam reforming process prior to the direct dimethyl ether
The apparatus for the addition reaction under reflux was assembled. Magnesium (1 g) was weighted on a paper, and a few pieces of magnesium were crushed in order to activate the metal surface. Then, the round bottom flask was lowered away from the condenser, and the magnesium was added to it. After that, 10 ml of anhydrous diethyl ether was added in a round bottom flask by using the syringe, and the reaction flask was heated using a heating mantle to maximize the formation of the Grignard reagent. After 10 minutes of heating the mixture, the mixture changed color from clear to yellowish, and it turned completely Reddish brown after 12 minutes.
The reaction was repeated 3 times and average rate noted. From these rates a graph was plotted which describes the relationship of the pressure produced and number of drops added. The reaction rates were measured by Kpa/min and were written to 4 figures for precise results. Time was measured by stop watch. Table 4 shows a summary of all the groups which participated in the lab session.
Tyler White CHEM151LL 32658 04/01/2018 Different Types Chemical Reaction Types and Equations Purpose: The purpose of this lab experiment is to examine different types of chemical reactions such as Decomposition reaction, Synthesis reactions, Combustion reactions, and different Chemical equations. The experiments were conducted online using Late Nite Labs. Materials: Because the experiments were conducted online there wasn’t any physical use of materials, only digital ones, for these labs to be performed. Only the registration for the website was needed to perform these online labs, as well as a desktop computer.
While the barrels rusted, dangerous elements such as radium, thorium
This process forms a zinc coating producing a corrosion resistant. However, A corrosion resistant is a multi-layered coating of zinc –iron alloy and zinc metal. During the galvanization process a metallurgical reaction occurs. A metallurgical reaction is a diffusion process so the coating forms perpendicular to all surfaces.
Abstract In this experiment, the reaction kinetics of the hydrolysis of t-butyl chloride, (CH3)3CCl, was studied. The experiment was to determine the rate constant of the reaction, as well as the effects of solvent composition on the rate of reaction. A 50/50 V/V isopropanol/water solvent mixture was prepared and 1cm3 of (CH3)3CCl was added. At specific instances, aliquots of the reaction mixture were withdrawn and quenched with acetone.
With many factors affecting chemical reactions, there is a significant relationship between these factors and the rate that they occur. As seen through many studies and experiments, surface area of solid reactants has a great impact on this rate of reaction. In conclusion, the scientist has learned important relationships and factors involved in the rate of which chemical reactions
Introduction The intent of this experiment is to understand how hot and cold water interact with each other by combining clear hot water and black ice cold water. I hope to learn more about how hot and cold water interact with each other. As of now, I know that cold water is denser than hot water. Knowing this I formed my hypothesis.
Three trials has been done for this experiment. For Trial 1, Trial 2 and Trial 3, the apparent mass for each trial are 99.330g, 99.261g and 98.741g respectively. After calculation, the true mass has been obtained and for each trial, the mass recorded are 99.449g, 99.380g and 99.859g respectively. As the temperature for all trial is 24.0˚C, the density of water being recorded is 0.997296g/ml. Finally, the actual volume of water being transferred after calculations are 99.717ml, 99.649ml
In the next steps the density of water between 30-40 °C, 40-50 °C and 50-60 °C was measured. Then our results ρ vs T and also density vs temperature values given in the Steam Tables were plotted on the same graph in order to compare. In the second part the density of water was measured by density bottle. The densities obtained from the experiment are 995, 992.5, 991, 990 kg/m3 for the first part and
Further applications of reaction kinetics exploration could delve into the effects of environmental factors
Investigation of the effect of NaCl concentration on the evaporation rate of water. Chemistry HL Internal Assessment Vitaebella Tsang Ao Ling Contents page Contents page 2 Introduction 3 Design 4 Research question 4 Variables 4 Method 5 Results 6 Discussion 9 Evaluation 9 Bibliography 10 Introduction Many recipes call for salt to be added to the water when cooking pasta to add flavor, but there has been common belief or misunderstanding that adding salt will make the water boil faster. However, it is now known that that is not the fact, and that adding salt will do the opposite and make the water boil more slowly instead.
Multiple experiments were conducted to test the rate at which O2 production was influenced by the availability of inorganic carbon. In all experiments, a varying concentration of (either 0.1%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, or 1.0%) sodium bicarbonate was assigned to each lab bench, to use as the solution in which the aquatic plants were submerged. In the experiment my partner and I conducted, ~225 mL of distilled water was poured into two 250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks. These would later be used as photosynthetic systems— an experimental control to regulate temperature changes.
I. Introduction This experiment uses calorimetry to measure the specific heat of a metal. Calorimetry is used to observe and measure heat flow between two substances. The heat flow is measured as it travels from a higher temperature to a lower one. Specific heat is an amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of anything one degree Celsius. Specific heat is calculated using several equations using the base equation: q=mc∆T II.
Following the procedures for the bulk catalysts, the solution was stirred and was air dried for 2 to 4 days. Air-dried solution underwent the same procedure as the bulk catalysts with a final calcination temperature of 800 oC. The samples were labelled as yMo/CZ, where y represents the wt% (5, 12 or 20) concentration of molybdenum metal (present as