Acetone Is Produced By Dehydrogenation Of Isopropanol
Generally, acetone can be produced in various ways. Prior to world war, acetone is produced by dry distillation of calcium acetate. Early 1920s onwards, acetone is mainly produced by dehydrogenation of isopropyl alcohol. During World War II, acetone is produced by fermentation process and few ethanol processes while in late 1950s and early 1960s, acetone is produced by cumene-hydroperoxide with phenol as main product. In mid 1960, acetone is produced by direct oxidation of propylene. In this part, production of acetone from dehydrogenation, cumene and fermentation are discussed.
Catalytic dehydrogenation of isopropanol can produce high-purity acetone. The process is shown in the equation below.
(CH3)2CHOH (CH3)2CO H2
Isopropyl alcohol
…show more content…
Isopropanol is available in the market and is produced by the indirect hydration of propylene in a multistage process that offers very high product purity and consistent quality. The primary advantage of this process is that the acetone produced is free from trace aromatic compounds, particularly benzene as in the cumene route. Benzene forms explosive mixtures with air and is acutely toxic as well as brings harms to health. Cumene route to synthesis acetone produce ethanol as coproduct, the ethanol produced is a waste as the main product required is acetone. Besides, CHP produced from the oxidation of cumene is explosive and dangerous. In production of acetone from fermentation, butanol and ethanol are also produced which is also a waste when the acetone is the only main product desired. Fermentation process also requires high water usage, high capital cost for the huge process volume and reactor sizes. The anaerobic bacterium used in fermentation requires a specific environment such as temperature, oxygen levels, acidity levels, amount of nutrients in order to survive and function which have to be closely monitored and controlled. So, after considering all the factors, catalytic dehydrogenation could be the ideal route to produce acetone. In this process, acetone and hydrogen is produced. The acetone produced has high purity and the hydrogen produced which is a source of energy has its commercial values. This process do not produce others products which are wasteful and also do not involves explosive substances such as CHP as in cumene
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