Technology Acceptance Model (Tra)

2. Research model and hypotheses
2.1. Technology acceptance model
The technology acceptance model (TAM), an adaptation of the theory of reasoned action (TRA), was first introduced by Davis (1989) to explain the acceptance and usage of information technologies. The TAM is a popular model and has been used in numerous studies regarding technology acceptance. In the TAM, technology acceptance and actual use are determined by behavioural intention to use. Behavioural intention, in turn, is affected by the attitude towards use as well as the direct and indirect effects of perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness. Both perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness jointly affect the attitude towards use, whilst perceived ease of use has a

Specifically, the concepts of self-efficacy and facilitating conditions have been shown to be important factors influencing behavioural intention and future use of new technologies (Bandura, 1977; Marakas et al.,

Self-efficacy has been shown to be an important predictor of behaviour, because successful completion of a task depends not only on what an individual knows, but on his personal beliefs about his ability to complete the task (Bandura, 1977). This implies that an individual can improve his or her performance and likelihood of task completion by increasing task-specific self-efficacy (Ramalingam et al., 2004). In the context of BC adoption, perceived self-efficacy indicates how rice farmers perceive their own ability, skills, experience, and expertise required for the use of Trichogramma spp. in the field. Some studies stressed that the self-efficacy relates mainly to the behavioural intention to use a BC program (Abdollahzadeh et al., 2016a). Hence, the perceived self-efficacy is essential in BC adoption and the following hypothesis is proposed (Fig.