Tecumseh And The Quest For Indian Leadership Sparknotes

The United States’ declaration of war on Great Britain in 1812 puzzled many historians. Because representatives voted against the war with a vote of 20-12, many believed Madison would call off the war. However, because of its many causes such as the repeated violations of the United States’ shipping rights and the impressment of American sailors it began to overrule New England’s vote in Congress. Another conflict that led the Americans to declare war against Britain was the growing issue British-allied attacks in the Ohio Valley and their lust for Canada. Because Americans often took land from the Indians without permission it angered the Native Americans. But after William Henry Henderson, an old foe of Tecumseh, learned of his and his brother’s bold plans, he vowed to eliminate their tribes. During the fall of 1811, while his the leader was away, Henderson took advantage of his moment and defeated Tenskwatawa’s and his brother’s tribe. This put a temporary end to Native American-related attacks on the white settlers. Many Americans had a desire to acquire Canada because of the monopoly of fur trade with the Native Americans. Since the Americans believed the Canadians were vastly outnumbered, they argued that it would be “quick and easy” with their military forces. In the end, it was the representatives’ efforts known as the “War Hawks” who pressed the New England people for War that convinced Madison to declare war against

The Native American had seen what was going on with other native tribes and how they were being removed from their territories and having settlers moving in. They didn’t like the fact that the settlers were expanding their territory and removing them from their territory. The Native American were under the control of Tecumseh which were the ones rebelling against the settlers due to their expansion. The war was also caused by war hawks; war hawks are people who desire for war. These people were moist common around the 1812 due to the conflicts going in the foreign countries and on their own territories. The war hawks wanted to kick all the British in Canada. Congressman Henry Clay who demanded that the British troops be removed from Canadian

The War of 1812 was one of the last battles fought on the soil of the United States. Of great significance in this war was the battle of New Orleans, which will be the subject matter of this essay and analysis. The Key players in this battle on the US forces side was anindividual who would later become the president of this nation. That leader was Major General, Andrew Jackson. Jackson was the only president to serve in both the Revolutionary War and the War of 1812. His experience’s from the Revolutionary war gave him the distaste for and motivation to engage the British and to later defeat them near New Orleans. His soldiers were comprised of varied persons to include the men from Kentucky, Louisiana, hunters,

In preparation and throughout the Battle of Tippecanoe, General William Henry Harrison successfully used Mission Command to meet his intent. The fight for land between the United States (U.S) and Indian tribes began with the creation of land treaties. From 1783 to 1871, the U.S made 372 land treaties with the Indians under the constitutional treaty power.1 The intent was to teach Indians how to farm and push them into debt by selling them farming equipment.2 Tecumseh, the Shawnee chief believed that land belonged to the people and could not be sold by any person.3 Treaties established and Tecumseh’s belief of land usage, led to the Battle of Tippecanoe. Although, Tecumseh disagreed with established treaties, General Harrison used

This essay considers how Cherokees responded to the Indian Removal Act of 1830. This Act, promoted by the seventh President of the United States Andrew Jackson, enabled the United States government to relocate the “Five Civilized Tribes” to reservations west of the Mississippi River. The majority of Americans supported removing Southeastern Amerindians. American settlers were eager to gain access to Cherokee lands in Georgia. The Indian Removal Act resulted in the mass transplantation of Indian tribes known as the “Trail of Tears.” The Cherokee Nation and Chief John Ross responded to this Act in two ways: Challenging the Act in the Supreme Court, and disseminating petitions against the Act after the Treaty of New Echota. Their response to this

Though the United States suffered some losses, it also had its share of victories. One of the most notable, in that it was a victory over both the British and Indians, was the Battle of the Thames in 1813 in which Tecumseh was killed (Turner 61). Like many of the US victories, however, the overall strategic effect, at least in terms of territory acquired, was limited (Turner 62). The most lasting effect of this American victory was that with the death of Tecumseh, Indian forces in the west signed a cease fire and stopped fighting the United

Native Americans have lived in the United States much longer than anyone of different decent. Way before Columbus ever thought about sailing the ocean blue the Cherokee tribe and others vacated the Southeast part of this country and it was rightfully their home. However they were kicked out from their homeland, where multiple generations of their families have lived for hundreds of years. This obscene removal is now known as the Trail of Tears, and this paper will demonstrate the impact it had on the Cherokee. It will be told how they lived before they were forced out, advise what led up to their removal, tell about the extreme conditions and illness that they faced, and inform what has happened to the Cherokee after the Trail

During Tecumseh’s early years, he was brought up being conditioned to war, beginning with his father being killed during the Battle of Point Pleasant in 1774. It was this loss that would fuel his need to fight for Native Americans and to rid their lands of Americans set to destroy them. It was during the Northwest Indian War and the American Revolutionary War that he received his exposure to war against a perceived foreign occupier. It was 1783 when Tecumseh reached the age of 15 and decided to join the Shawnee who vowed to stop the American invasion of the territories. His main focus at the time would be to attack settler’s boats traveling the Ohio River. His raids were so successful that the settlers river travel virtually ceased during that

The United States negotiated more than 200 treaties with Indian nations, trying to get them to move West and off their land that America wanted to expand to. The Indians were offended at being asked to leave their sacred land where all their ancestors were buried. Many of the Indians reacted violently, causing America to come in with the military and remove the Indians during the Trail of Tears in 1831-1850. A third cause was that there was an agricultural depression. Many of the Westerners wanted the war to help them out of this depression. There were too many American cultural restrictions causing them not to make a profit. The final cause of the War of 1812 was the War Hawks (Calhoun and Clay) wanted to expand to Canada and were anti-British. They called for a military war against Great Britain because “they saw no other way to defend national honor and force repeal of the Orders in Council”. These causes led to the War of 1812 that the United States signed a treaty with Great Britain, giving good effects on the United States and everyone around them. One of these effects being the Treaty of Ghent in 1815 (the treaty that ended the war. Great Britain agreed to relinquish

For instance, in 1814 Jackson’s armed forces defeated the Creek Indians (Remini, p.64). The aforementioned war was one in the multiple confrontations that followed in fighting the natives. It is safe to argue that fighting the Indians allowed Jackson to familiarize himself with the enemy’s ideologies. Consequently, once elected as president, Andrew Jackson realized the level of threat posed by the Indians, thus his decision to relocate the tribes. The Indians’ determination to protect their lands was bound to cause problems to the whites, and if gone unchecked, said problem will only grow in magnitude. To coincide with Jackson’s fears and inability to trust the Indians, Remini provides an excerpt of a speech delivered by Shawnee Chief Tecumseh to the Creek Indian tribe in 1811 (Remini, p.1). Remini quotes the Indian chief saying, “Burn their dwellings-destroy their stock-slay their wives and children that the very breed may perish” (p.1). Hence, it is evident that the Indians aimed at dealing with the whites in a ruthless manner, a fact that warrants the United States’

These wars began in the 1800’s and continued to worsen throughout westward expansion. The article, Indian wars and Westward Expansion summarizes this perfectly, “Among the most detrimental policies for Native Americans in U.S history began in the early 1800s.” This quote marks the beginning of the fight for the west. Indian wars were constant, and caused by tension for who would dominate the land. In the article, Lessons from the Indian Wars, it states, “...Indian wars were constant. From 1786 through 1889, according to R. Ernest and Trevor N. Dupuy’s The Encyclopedia of Military History, the army fought, ‘943 actions in twelve separate campaigns and numerous local incidents.” This quote shows the quantity of what Americans and Native Americans had to face violence wise during westward expansion. Violence, of course, was not the only thing Native Americans had to face; they also had to face the fact that their land and culture were being taken from them. Many Native Americans believed it was their duty to fight and protect their land. During this time, a tribe stuck together and worked to gather food, make shelter, and participate in their traditions. In the article, Ties That Bind: The Story of an Afro-Cherokee Family in Slavery and Freedom, it discusses how the family sticks together to maintain their

Tecumseh, leader of the Shawnee, made it clear that all of the natives were not of the same race. Tecumseh reinforced this especially since the whites had made attempts to generalize all of the different tribes as one race. Thus, he catalyzed a unification as he spread his idea to the surrounding tribes that they were being threatened by losing land to the Americans. Tecumseh perceived the war of 1812 as an opportunity to gain back the land that was once theirs by fighting alongside the British; Which all shared a common enemy with, the Americans. In “Tecumseh Sleep No Longer” it was made obvious that he played off the common hostility towards the Americans within all of the tribes he visited, as well as the British, in turn to build a great army. This army was very powerful as it had many types of people fighting for the same reasons, as well as the great British

In the 19th century, the U.S. decides to expand it territories into the homelands of the Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Seminole (also known as the “Five Civilized Tribes”). Destroying the homes of the natives all for growing cotton. Such an unlawful act for a selfish reason. Starting with Andrew Jackson and the Indian removal act leading to tension rising between the tribes. Contributing to the to the split of the cherokees at pea ridge and the battle of Wilson's creek.

One big mistake that textbooks point out about Native American history is the topic of the War of 1812. “All but two textbooks miss the key result of the war. Some authors actually cite the “Star-Spangled Banner” as the main outcome! Others claim that the war left a “feeling of pride as a nation” or helped Americans to win European respect”. (Loewen 123) The War of 1812 might be one of the least understood wars in most American history classes due to history textbooks leaving out the real impact and outcome of the fight, according to Loewen. The War of 1812 granted Native Americans most of their land, and also made the Native Americans look like “savages” to most European

Indians were the main losers in the war – they lost territory, had highest percentage of casualties out of their already small population, lost British protection and never regained their influence. The British had a long-standing goal of creating a “buffer” state, which would cover much of Ohio, Indiana and Michigan, to block the American expansion in the Great Lakes region. They made the demand in 1814 during the peace conference, but Americans rejected and the most they would agree with was restoration of pre-war borders , which ceded Indian’s territory to the United States and with that. This was large disappointment and loss for the Indians, since, despite all their efforts, they were unable to recover lost territory. In the Treaty of Ghent, Great Britain promised not to arm the Natives in the US from Canada and not even trade with them. After the end of the war and signing the Treaty of Ghent, Indian tribes became a burden to the British and nothing to offer thus Great Britain did not make much effort with negotiating terms for the Indian tribes as