Teloomerase Research Paper
Telomerase
Telomerase is a specialised ribonucleoprotein reverse transcriptase enzyme[1]. It carries its own RNA molecule. Telomerase is functional at the tips of chromosomes in areas known as telomeres. The main function of telomerase is to extend the 3' ends of DNA strands by adding 'TTAGGG' repeat sequences as it is not possible for DNA polymerase to replicate 3' ends. Elizabeth Blackburn (molecular biologist, co-discoverer of telomerase and co-winner of the 2009 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine) compared telomeres to the tips of the shoelaces which help to prevent fraying[2]. Telomeres function to protect DNA from molecular attack as well as preventing strands of genetic material from 'sticking' to the DNA strand[3]. Telomerase is
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Telomerase is a unique enzyme as in addition to having DNA polymerase activity, it also contains an RNA sequence template which is complementarity to the repeating telomeric sequence. It consists of various RNA subunits including TP1, TP2 and TERT. TERT is a catalytic subunit that is homologous to reverse transcriptase. Its 'fingers' and thumb' pull the telomerase RNA and telomere DNA strands to the active site- the 'palm' where the telomere is elongated[4]. Unlike other polymerases, TERT also includes an amino-terminous which binds telomerase …show more content…
They showed that the ends of chromosomes are protected by telomeres and telomerase. Jack Szostak studied yeast cells and saw that their linear chromosomes were rapidly degraded. Coupled Blankburn's study of telomeres in Tetrahymena, they decided to couple yeast minichromosomes and Tetrahymena telomeres to see if the telomeres could prevent chromosome degreadation. The experimental outline is shown below in Figure 4. They proved their hypothesis and showed that telomeres and telomerase are capable of protecting
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630 Words | 3 PagesElizabeth Blackburn The work of Elizabeth Blackburn concerns the performance and production of telomeres, which are the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes. Telomerase specifies the sequence of telomeric DNA by using a short sequence of the telomerase RNA moiety as the guide for DNA synthesis. Therefore, telomeric DNA is a vital chromosomal component which is unusual as it is made by copying an RNA sequence; which is an extremely specialised, distinctive mechanism.
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1273 Words | 6 PagesGenetic mutations occurring in any of these three telomerase genes- TERT, TER, or dyskerin; or telomerase-associated proteins can result in compromised activity of telomerase resulting in low levels of telomerase and insufficient telomere maintenance. This can manifest in one of a number of telomere syndromes such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and dyskeratosis congenita (DC) (Tomlinson et
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197 Words | 1 PagesNucleotide excision repair is an important DNA repair system that corrects UV induced genetic damages. One example of such damage is the formation of a covalent bond between two adjacent thymine bases on a DNA strand (thymine dimers). This causes a bulk in the DNA strand and disrupts DNA replication. The process includes the proteins UvrA, UvrB and UvrD as well as DNA polymerase and DNA ligase.
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947 Words | 4 PagesIt has three layers that are composed of the fibrillar center (FC), the dense fibrillar component (DFC) and the granular component (GC). The nucleolus is a non-membrane bound organelle and found in the nucleoplasm. Though it lacks a membrane, one cannot assume that the diffusion rate to each layer is equal. Its function is to transcribe rDNA, remove introns from pre-rRNA and modify an rRNA with the assistance of ribosomal proteins. The modifications made on the rRNA are executed by small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) complexes which consist of small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) and nucleolar proteins.
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1564 Words | 7 PagesIntroduction Telomeres are the ends of chromosomes that consist of tandem repeats of DNA sequences, with the length varying in various species. (Wong et al., 2008). The specific role of telomeres is to protect and guard the chromosomal ends from being damaged, and so if they become too short they lose their protective nature and leave the chromosomal ends exposed to damage (Wong et al. 2008). Types of damage that can be done to telomeres include degradation, recombination, as well as activities that repair DNA and may shorten the telomeres (Samper et al., 2001). The enzyme telomerase lengthens chromosome ends and restores length of the telomeres (Marion et al., 2009).
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