Tera W Hunter Summary

The book draws on a variety of scholarship across numerous fields, including African American history, women’s history, colonial American history, feminist theory, and cultural studies. As a professor of both Social and Cultural Analysis as well as History, with research interests in the history of the Black Atlantic World, comparative slavery, and gender and sexuality studies, Morgan is clearly quite adept at working with the intersection of such ideas. She also articulates the necessity of employing such a range of fields to fill the surprising gaps and omissions in the current

Republican spirit and intellectual movements present in the early 1800’s had an impact on women and slaves in America, both positively and negatively.

Stephanie McCurry convincingly argues that white females and enslaved Africans were able to form the allied States of America throughout the Civil War era. For McCurry, southern progressive set out to make “a proslavery antidemocratic state, dedicated to the proposition that all men were not created equal” (1). The author’s main point is to determine how white ladies and enslaved African-American ladies and gentleman during the Civil War strained the allied the government, to identify them as government agents. McCurry disagrees that these powerless groups worked out agency during the Civil War because of the general problems brought on by the war

During the Reconstruction era, the idea of freedom could have many different meanings. Everyday factors that we don't often think about today such as the color of our skin, where we were born, and whether or not we own land determined what limitations were placed on the ability to live our life to the fullest. To dig deeper into what freedom meant for different individuals during this time period, I analyzed three primary sources written by those who experienced this first hand. These included “Excerpts from The Black Codes of Mississippi” (1865), “Jourdan Anderson to his old master” (1865), and “Testimony on the Ku Klux Klan in Congressional Hearing” (1872). The ability to have absolute freedom is a common theme in these three documents. Freedom means more than just having the independence to make your own decisions and pursuing your own happiness. The hopes of Reconstruction were to create

During the years 1825-1850, in the United States, was the age of reform. A time where nationalism and pride grew in the hearts of the American people, that they struggled to bring back the true meaning upon which their country was built. Social, intellectual and religious reform movements in the United States during the years 1825-1850, caused the expansion of democratic ideals through the reformers and reform movements; such as the Women’s Rights Movement, Temperance Movement, Abolitionist Movement, Asylum Reform, Jail Reform, Transcendentalism and the Second Great Awakening, by introducing the idea in the increase of women’s rights, encouraging an abstinence from alcohol, abolishing slavery, improving the treatment of the mentally unstable,

Bryan, Dan. “The Antebellum Home and Women’s Culture (part 2).” American History USA. March 22, 2012.web. 18 February, 2017.

The distinction between men and women in the Antebellum-era Southern United States can be identified in the roles that each gender was expected to fulfill as parents, spouses and citizens. While young men and women alike were encouraged to marry and immediately start a family, females were primarily given the task of caring for their children and husband. Because they were viewed as the ‘morally superior gender’, women were supposed to raise the next generation of obedient citizens, while men were free to pursue a career and get involved in politics. As a result, a movement arose to expand the rights and freedoms of women, with the ultimate goal of creating a society where equal opportunities are

Pudd’nhead Wilson was a novel written by Mark Twain and published in 1894. In this story, a mother bound by slavery switches her son with her owner’s son so he does not have to go through what she has gone through. This story is not only that of a basic story line, but a story filled with symbolism. I believe that Mark Twain’s Pudd’nhead Wilson is a story of nature vs. nurture, betrayal, females and femininity, race, identity and courage.

First Generations: Women of Colonial America, written by Carol Berkin, is a novel that took ten years to make. Carol Berkin received her B.A. from Barnard College and her M.A. and Ph.D. from Columbia University. She has worked as a consultant on PBS and History Channel documentaries. Berkin has written several books on the topic of women in America. Some of her publications include: Revolutionary Mothers: Women in the Struggle for America's Independence (2004) and Civil War Wives: The Life and Times of Angelina Grimke Weld, Varina Howell Davis, and Julia Dent Grant (2009). The prejudice that the author brings forward strongly is the notion of feminism.

Maya Lin is a designer and artist that came to fame when she was 21 because she submitted her design in for the Vietnam Memorial Museum and won. She graduated from Yale University and started making sketches for the Museum. She did not expect to win because many of the best architects and artists from around the world were entering their designs in as well. Not only did she design the Vietnam Memorial Museum but she also designed the Civil Rights Museum as well. She received her Master of Architecture degree in1986. She also received her Bachelor of Arts degree in 1981. Not only did she receive those degrees but she has also been awarded honorary doctorate degrees from Yale University, Harvard University, Williams College, and Smith College.

To Joy my freedom, written by Tera W. Hunter provides an inner look into the lives and strives of African American women – mainly working class – living in Atlanta between the eighteenth and nineteenth century, in the middle of one of the most belligerent environments created in the era of Reconstruction.

Sally Hemings was a slave on the Monticello plantation in the late 18th century, and her experience helps us to understand that her gender aided the way she was treated versus if they went by the color of her skin (Dilkes Mullins). {Woman during this era were thought of as property, they were objectified, they were treated poorly and had no choice. Their husbands were liable for anything that they did} [Being a female during this era outweighed what one 's social status was. It did not matter what race you were, but if you were a woman, you were treated as such] (Dilkes Mullins).

The primarily focus of this paper is to address the studies of the African-American views, conflict, and treatments from the Southern states following The Civil War. Documents include “Black Codes of the State of Mississippi” and the “Address of the Colored Convention to the People of Alabama”. These documents provide shaped rules, laws, and statutes for black society among whites. Between the years of, 1865 and 1867, both Alabama and Mississippi took action and state their thoughts towards the end of slavery in the United States.

United States Navy. This is an excellent work in an area where little research has

White women in slaveholding families in the south were one of the main forces behind the oppression of African American men and women. In society these white women held no real power but in the comfort of their domestic domains they were granted more power; so, these women took power where they could and became mistress to a slave. At a young age, they were taught how to manage slaves as well as being their master. In one case, a mistress had full power over the estate and managed it on her own without her husband’s help . Consequently, she held the power that she would not have had outside of the home. Slaves were given as presents to children and even babies to reinforce that they were property that could be given away . As the oppressed, African Americans had very different, experiences with power than the white women who owned slaves. White women were often harsh and oppressive to African Americans not only because it was what they were taught, but it was also a sign of power. A slave named Rebecca did not call her mistress’ son, who was a baby, master so she was severely whipped for not doing so . Another slave had the side of her face crushed by one of her mistresses’ for stealing and eating a piece of candy while the other mistress whipped her . These beatings were a show of the mistress’ power all at the expense of African American women. White women were not the only oppressors; even women of color were guilty of enforcing oppression. One example of this the case of Guadalupe Trujillo and her Indian servant that was more of a slave, named Ysabel. Trujillo would frequently beat her for the minute things. Ysabel was seen as inferior because she was a slave and Trujillo took it upon herself to oppress Ysabel and even went as far as killing her to keep her from free will